[Objective] With the continuous increase of socio-economic development and urbanization rate, the ecological environment that mankind survival has been damaged and the ecological vulnerability has become more and more serious, and the ecological vulnerability evaluation has become a hot research spot for many experts and scholars. Since the industrial structure of Oroqen region changed from hunting to farming and livestock in the 20th century, the local ecological environment is facing the risk of getting fragile. In this paper, ecological vulnerability of Oroqen region in 3 phases is evaluated to provide scientific basis for local ecological environment protection and sustainable development [Methods] Taking Oroqen region in Inner Mongolia as the study area, 14 indicators of three types, such as ecological resilience, ecological sensitivity and ecological stress, were selected based on SPR model, and GIS Spatial Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) and GeoDetector were used to analyze the spatial distribution, spatial and temporal evolution and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in Oroqen region in 2000, 2010 and 2020. The spatial distribution, spatial and temporal evolution and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in Oroqen region in 2000, 2010 and 2020 were analyzed by using SPCA and GeoDetector. [Results] (1) The overall ecological vulnerability of Oroqen region is in a good-mild fragile state , the distribution area of general fragile area is about the identical in 3 years, the moderate and severe fragile areas are mainly distributed in the south of Alihe town, the south of Ulubuti town, Dayangshu town and Guli township, and there is an overall Research research deterioration trend. (2) The ecological vulnerability trend of Oroqen area is positive from 2000 to 2010, and the ecological vulnerability increases significantly from 2010 to 2020 when the ecological environment is damaged, and the area of severe ecological vulnerability appears for the first time in 2020 is 111.72km2, accounting for 0.51% of the area of the study area, and the ecological environment is severe. (3) It is mainly influenced by biological abundance (D2), landscape diversity index (D3), elevation (D5), population density (D13) and other factors in the spatial distribution of ecological vulnerability in Oroqen area, and the influencing factors present more diversified in 2020, and the two indicators of spreading index (D4) and average annual precipitation (D12) have a strong driving effect on local ecological vulnerability, with q values of [Conclusions] The ecological vulnerability of Oroqen region shows a significant feature of low in the northwest and high in the southeast in 2000, 2010 and 2020 , and the ecological environment has been developing towards good from 2000 to 2010 and deteriorating from 2010 to 2020, due to the continuous change of natural conditions and long-term influence of human activities. The ecological environment of Oroqen region is deteriorating in general.