湖南省成矿地质事件纲要
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中国地质调查局项目(DD20160346-17、DD20160031-04)及湖南省地质调查院科研项目(2019-1)联合资助。


Summary of main mineralization events in Hunan Province
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    摘要:

    研究目的】湖南省矿产资源丰富,矿种及成因类型繁多,但对各类矿产形成的时代和构造背景尚缺乏系统归纳和总结。【研究方法】本文在既有区域矿产资料基础上,结合近些年区域构造演化、成岩成矿年龄、矿床成因机制等研究成果,对湖南省成矿地质事件及各期成矿事件的构造背景、矿床成因、矿产发育和分布特征等进行了系统探讨和总结。【研究结果】湖南省自早至晚发生过22期主要成矿地质事件,具体包括:雪峰期(板溪期)马底驿期沉积型锰矿,早南华世富禄期沉积型铁矿(叠加后期改造),中南华世大塘坡期沉积型锰矿,早震旦世陡山沱期磷矿,早寒武世牛蹄塘期钒多金属矿、重晶石矿、石煤矿,中-晚奥陶世沉积型锰矿,震旦纪-奥陶纪灰岩矿、白云岩矿、玉石矿等非金属矿产,志留纪内生热液矿床,中泥盆世棋梓桥期沉积型(叠加后期改造)锰矿,晚泥盆世宁乡式铁矿,早石炭世测水期煤矿,早石炭世梓门桥期膏盐矿,中二叠世梁山期煤矿,中二叠世孤峰期(茅口晚期)沉积型锰矿,晚二叠世龙潭期煤矿,泥盆纪-早三叠世灰岩、白云岩、砂岩、黏土等非金属矿,晚三叠世-早侏罗世煤矿,晚三叠世内生热液矿床,晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期内生热液及岩浆矿床,晚白垩世沉积-改造型铜矿,古近纪膏盐矿,第四纪黏土矿、稀土矿、砂锡矿、独居石多金属矿、金刚石矿。【结论】志留纪(加里东期)内生热液成矿、晚三叠世(印支晚期)内生热液成矿、晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期(中晚燕山期)内生热液及岩浆成矿等3期主要内生成矿事件的矿床分布明显受同期构造格局控制;南华纪铁锰沉积成矿、震旦纪-早奥陶世多矿种沉积成矿、泥盆纪-早三叠世多矿种沉积成矿、晚三叠世-早侏罗世煤层沉积成矿、白垩纪-古近纪铜和膏盐沉积成矿等外生成矿事件的矿床分布受同期构造古地理控制。本文以成矿地质事件为线索,较全面反映了湖南省矿产资源的时空分布特征和成矿地质规律,对区域地质找矿具有重要的参考价值。
    创新点:厘定了湖南省22期主要成矿地质事件,分析总结了各期成矿事件的构造背景、矿床成因、矿产发育和分布特征等。

    Abstract:

    This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
    [Objective]Hunan Province is rich in mineral resources with various types of minerals and genetic types of deposits, but there is still a lack of systematic introduction and summary of the ages and tectonic settings of the various minerals. [Methods]Based on the existing regional mineral data, combined with the achievements on regional tectonic evolution, geochorology of igneous rocks and deposits and metallogenesis in recent years, this paper systematically discusses and summarizes the mineralization events and the tectonic settings, metallogenesis, mineral development and distribution characteristics of the mineralizations. [Results]There have been 22 major mineralization events in Hunan Province, which includes from early to late:Sedimentary manganese ore of Xuefeng period (Banxi period) Madiyi stage; sedimentary iron ore of Early Nanhua Fulu period (superimposed later transformation); sedimentary manganese ore of Middle Nanhua Datangpo period; phosphate ore of Early Sinian Doushantuo period; vanadium polymetallic ore, barite ore and stone coal mine of Early Cambrian Niutitang period; sedimentary manganese ore of Middle-Late Ordovician; non-metallic minerals such as limestone ore, dolomite ore and jade ore of Sinian-Ordovician; endogenetic hydrothermal deposits of Silurian; sedimentary manganese ore of Middle Devonian Qiziqiao period (superimposed later transformation); Ningxiang-type iron ore of Late Devonian; coal mine of Early Carboniferous Ceshui period; gypsum mine of Early Carboniferous Zimenqiao period; coal mine of Middle Permian Liangshan period; sedimentary manganese ore of Middle Permian Gufeng period (late Maokou period); coal mine of Late Permian Longtan period; non-metallic ore such as limestone, dolomite, sandstone and clay of Devonian-Early Triassic; coal mine of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic; endogenetic hydrothermal deposits of Late Triassic; endogenetic hydrothermal deposits and magmatic deposits of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, sedimentary reformed copper mine of Late Cretaceous; gypsum mine of Paleogene; clay Ore, rare earth ore, alluvial tin ore, monazite polymetallic ore and diamond ore of Quaternary. [Conclusions]The distributions of deposits of the three major endogenetic events such as Silurian (Caledonian) endogenetic hydrothermal mineralization, Late Triassic (late Indosinian) endogenetic hydrothermal mineralization and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (middle and late Yanshanian) endogenetic hydrothermal and magmatic mineralization are obviously controlled by the contemporaneous tectonic frameworks; The distributions of exgogenetic deposits such as sedimentary iron-manganese ore of Nanhua, multiple sedimentary deposits of Sinian-Early Ordovician, multiple sedimentary deposits of Devonian-Early Triassic, coal mine of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, and sedimentary copper and gypsum mine of Cretaceous-Paleogene are controlled by contemporaneous tectonic paleogeography. Taking metallogenic events as clues, this paper comprehensively elaborated the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of mineral resources and metallogenic regularities in Hunan Province, which has important reference value for regional prospecting.
    Highlights: The 22 main metallogenic geological events in Hunan Province are determined, and the tectonic settings, deposit genesis, mineral development and distribution characteristics of each metallogenic event are analyzed and summarized.

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柏道远,唐分配,李彬,曾广乾,李银敏,姜文. 湖南省成矿地质事件纲要[J]. 中国地质, 2022, 49(1): 151-180.
BAI Daoyuan, TANG Fenpei, LI Bin, ZENG Guangqian, LI Yinmin, JIANG Wen. Summary of main mineralization events in Hunan Province[J]. Geology in China, 2022, 49(1): 151-180(in Chinese with English abstract).

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-17
  • 最后修改日期:2020-03-21
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-03-11
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