Abstract: Some puzzling problems in the development of the natural ecosystem and environmental evolution on the surface of the Earth lead the authors to consider the role played by the energy from the Earth's interior. Comparing the ecological feature with the terrestrial heat flow of the main geographic units all over the world, the authors find that the quality of the ecological environment all over the world is closely related with the values ??of the terrestrial heat flow in a region. The typical forest ecosystem always develops in regions where the terrestrial heat flow is quite high, while the typical desert ecosystem often develops in regions where the terrestrial heat flow is very low. The heat flow from the Earth's interior, which might not only influence the humidity of the regional climate, but also define the lower limit of the energy supply for the ground ecosystem, is considered to be an important limiting factor for species in the development and evolution of the ecosystem in a region. The low terrestrial heat flow may play a major role in the desertification of some large basins. Study on the mechanism and influence of the terrestrial heat flow on the degradation of the ecological environment, from which we will understand the background for the formation of the ecosystem and the environmental frame in a region and may distinguish the influence of human factors from natural factors on the evolution of the ecosystem and the environment, will provide a scientific basis for making decision in the management and construction of the ecological system and environment for a region.