Abstract：The Zhongcun-Yinhua superlarge vanadium deposit is a typical sedimentary vanadium deposit in the mesozone black rock series of Qinling region. The deposit occurs on the lithologic transitional horizon of siliceous slate-argillite-clayey argillite in Lower Cambrian Shueigoukou Formation. The vanadium ores are of three types，namely siliceous slate type，clayey argillite type and siliceous-argillite type. Strike extension and thickness of the ore bed are stable, and the V2O5 content of the ores is 0.70%－1.17%. Vanadium is closely related to clayey and politic slate and is relatively abundant in clayey argillite. There exists close geochemical paragenetic relationship between vanadium and aluminum, potassium and iron. Vanadium occurs in kaolinite and hydromica in the forms of phosphate, vanadate and adsorption. Studies have revealed that the vanadium-bearing black rock series was formed in a sedimentary environment of rift zone on the marginal continental slope of North Yangtze Plate in Lower Cambrian under the action of Yangtze Continent-North China Continent underthrust convergence. In the stagnant deep-water sedimentary environment there developed vanadium-bearing sedimentary formation of anthrinoid - lime -mud-barite-siliceous rock. Therefore, the vanadium-bearing sedimentary formation has the genetic characteristic of hot spring exhalative-sedimentary deposition.