Abstract：Based on statistics and analysis of morphological content of eight heavy metal elements, the authors tentatively summed up the composition of their morphological characteristics and analyzed geochemical behaviors of these heavy metal elements in soil. The correlation between the effective content and the total content of heavy metal elements and pH, TOC of the soil are conducted by using the method of correlation analysis. It is concluded that the effective content of heavy metals is controlled not only by the level of the total content but also by pH, TOC of the soil. The results obtained provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational assessment of the topsoil.