Abstract：Based on analyzing the test data of 1720 groups of water samples collected from the Dongting Lake area, the authors conducted a quality assessment of shallow groundwater in this area. On such a basis, this paper presents the secure water supply directions and puts forward suggestions and measures for secure water supply. The test data indicate that the shallow groundwater is mainly contaminated by the following eight indexes：Fe, Mn, pH, NH4-N, NO2-N，NO3-N, Be and COD. On the whole, the shallow groundwater in this area shows good quality, and hence it is mainly assigned to high quality water (39.37%), and subordinately to qualified water (26.04%) and unqualified water (34.59%).