Abstract：The pathological mechanism of Kaschin-Beck disease is complex, and the cause of this disease remains a problem of much controversy, in spite of the fact that most scholars believe that there exists some relationship between the Kaschin-Beck disease and the drinking water in the disease area. From the aspects of major components, trace elements and organic matters, this paper have summarized the chemical composition of water in Kaschin-Beck disease areas on the basis of the researches on the Kaschin-Beck disease in the past two decades. It is concluded that many achievements on the study of Kaschin-Beck disease have been gained, but there still exist lots of different views and arguments which deserve further discussion.