Abstract：This paper aims to clarify the degree, pollution sources and the plant availability of the soil heavy metal pollution along the Xiaoqing River so as to provide the basis for the scientific management of the heavy metal pollution in this area. It is found that along the basin of the Xiaoqing River, the main heavy metal pollutants are As, Cd, Cr and Ni. According to the Nemerow pollution index evaluation, the area without heavy metal pollution in the study area is 1822.1 km2, while the soil area contaminated by heavy metals has reached 880.5 km2, accounting for 67.42% and 32.58% of the total area, respectively. The both sides of the Xiaoqing River from Beiyuan Town to Huashan Town of the Jinan City are heavily polluted areas. An analysis of sources of heavy metals in soil shows that that the dry and wet atmospheric deposition obviously from irrigation and fertilization are the main sources of heavy metal pollution. The bioavailability evaluation of the heavy metals was carried out by the method of sequential extraction, and the result shows that the active state of the heavy metal Cd is as high as 56.17%, with a strong capability of mobilization and migration, which constitutes the most harmful pollution factor affecting the ecological environment in this area. In addition, the contents of active state of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and other heavy metals are significantly constrained by pH and Corg content, and in areas with low pH and high Corg content, great importance should be attached to the pollution problem of As and Cd.