Abstract：Cadmium is a dangerous element that pollutes the environment. The metal mining area is usually an area of serious Cd contamination. In order to study the pollution degree of farmland soil and the pollution effect on crops and human hair in the Xiaoqinling gold mining area, the authors carried out field investigation. An analysis of a series of samples of soil, corps and human hair shows that tailing is the main source of Cd contamination in water-soil environment. The standard-surpassing multiple of Cd in soil ranges from 0 to 44.6,with a standard-surpassing rate of 6.77% relative to the state standard. The farmland with high Cd content covers an area of 21.8km? and possesses 7.8% of the study area. The standard-surpassing multiple in 30.7% wheat samples ranges from 1.2 to 3.2. The Cd content in the study area is obviously higher than that in the contrast area, where the wheat is safe to eat. The standard-surpassing rate of Cd content in vegetables is 77.7%. The Cd in radish and tomato in the study area is higher than that in the contrast area. There is a significant positive relation between Cd content in soil and that in crops. In the area polluted by air, soil and groundwater, the Cd content of human hair is 1.91-6.09 times that of the contrast area. The Cd content of human hair in 2009 was 4.35 times that in 2005. All this has constituted a serious threats to human health.