Based on the analysis results of existing geological and mineral data and using computer technology and GIS technology, we completed a 1:5000000 remote sensing geological interpretation in Africa over an area of 30.2 million km². The dataset used in this work takes Landsat-7 ETM⁺ data as its main resource. The geological elements, such as strata, volcanic rocks, intermediate acid intrusive rocks, basic or ultrabasic rocks, linear structures and ring structures which are closely related to mineralization were extracted, and seven important metallogenic belts were recognized. The dataset with the Landsat-7 ETM⁺ remote sensing image in Africa, the 1:5000000 remote sensing geological interpretation map in Africa and the 1:5000000 division map of important metallogenic belts in Africa were generated, the satellite data resolution is 30m, providing an important reference to carry out basic geological research and mineral exploration investment in Africa.