The mineralization belt is a mineralized geological unit with abundant mineral resources. The dataset of major mineralization belts of China's key solid mineral resources presented here is a complete set of data from previous metallogenic research, combined with the national assessment data of China's mineral resource potential. This dataset is supported by previous results for 23 mineral species and geophysical and geochemical anomaly data in key mineral resources, and is based on the latest 90 three-level metallogenic areas. This study has determined 26 metallogenic belts of key solid mineral resources all around China, of which the main aspects are as follows:main inflection coordinates, area, typical deposits, important mineral resource potential (mineral species, accumulated proved reserves, predicted mineral resources), metallogenic prospect areas (the name of the prospect, main mineral species, main deposit type), newly discovered (or significant progress on) mineral fields and data on other aspects. The dataset is not only the collation and summary of the metallogenic prospect regionalization and resource assessment, but also the basis for scientific guidance of the national geological prospecting deployment.