This dataset contains 1 996 sets of test data, obtained from 293 rock and soil samples collected from 14 engineering boreholes drilled in Luhuatai, Yinchuan Basin, in 2016. The test items include the shear strength, modulus of compressibility and grain composition of the soil mass. The exposed strata in Luhuatai is predominantly Quaternary. The boreholes reveal that, vertically, the rocks/soils are sandy gravel, fine silty sand, silty soil and silty clay, respectively, from the surface downwards; and horizontally, the western area is dominated by diluvial sand while the eastern area is mainly alluvial and eolian fine silty sand. Generally, the characteristic of the area is that the rock tends to young with finer lithological particles from west to east. The sample tests indicate that the sand and cohesive soil in Luhuatai possess high shear strength and ideal engineering geology characteristics. However, the eolian fine silty sand in the eastern area exhibits poor engineering-geological characteristics because it is prone to liquefaction of sandy soil due to poor cementation and a dispersed structure. The engineering geology drilling in Luhuatai is performed according to related specifications, where tests and analysis are all performed by nationally-certified laboratories. Therefore, the data obtained is reliable and can truly reflect the strata information and the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks and soil in Luhuatai. The data and conclusions contained in the dataset can be used as a reference for the study of the geological evolution of the Yinchuan Basin and for project construction and planning in Luhuatai.