The new 1:50 000 Hydrogeological Survey Dataset for Poverty Alleviation (also referred to as the Dataset) carried out in Xingguo County and Ningdu County, South Jiangxi is based on a water exploration project which aimed at alleviating poverty in southern Jiangxi under the unified deployment of the China Geological Survey, and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. It contains the results obtained from the survey designed to address the water shortage suffered by the people in local mountainous areas and to develop green water industries such as mineral water production for the local government. The Dataset comprises five sets of data:basic data of seven boreholes, stratum description information of seven boreholes, preliminary survey result of mineral water (21 survey points), analysis results of mineral water (15), and analysis results of drinking water (4), obtained from the project entitled 1:50 000 Environmental Geological Survey along High-speed Railway Lines of Xianning-Yueyang and Nanchang-Huaihua in City Clusters of Middle Yangtze River (initiated by Hydrogeological and Environmental Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Baoding) from January to September 2017. Among these data, the basic data and stratum description information of boreholes mainly include information on boreholes such as location, diameter, depth, single well water yield, borehole sampling, stratum era and stratum bottom depth (m) revealed by the boreholes, as well as stratum lithology description. The preliminary survey result for mineral water mainly includes the location, on-site test indices, and origin analysis of the survey points. The analysis results for mineral water and drinking water came from lab tests of water samples obtained in the implementation of the project. Using the boreholes, the water shortage faced by 3 000 people has been directly addressed. Furthermore, the discovery of high-quality mineral water has provided new ideas for local economic growth.