This dataset contains 2 602 sets of test data on 234 rock and soil samples collected from the cores of 14 geological engineering boreholes that were drilled in the Pingluo Station map sheet area of Yinchuan Basin (also referred to as "the Area") in 2017. It primarily consists of information about the shear strength, compression modulus and grain composition of soil masses. In the Area, the geological structures of the Quaternary, which is formed by many causes and has a great thickness, compose the main geological engineering formation, since it is widely distributed. From west to east they include:diluvium of the Upper Pleistocene Series, in which gravels and sandy gravels are mainly distributed; fine sandy soil of the Lingwu Formation, Holocene Series; lacustrine sediment of the Holocene Series, throughout which sludge, sandy clay and silty sand are mainly distributed; aeolian deposits of the Holocene Series, in which khaki medium-fine sand and silty sand are mainly distributed. Among these geological structures, the Lingwu Formation of the Holocene Series covers most of the Area and mostly contains fine sand, silty sand and sandy clay. As revealed by the boreholes, vertically, the strata of the plain area of the Yinchuan Basin mainly consist of fine sand and silty sand of fluviatile-lacustrine facies that are interspersed with silty clay, whilst gravel-cobble layers are found in some boreholes. According to analysis of sample testing data, the gravel soil, alluvial sandy soil and cohesive soil in the Area are subject to good geological engineering conditions due to their high shear strength, while the sandstones and mudstones in the northwest suffer from poor geological engineering conditions since they are moderately or strongly weathered and interspersed with weak intercalations. In addition, the sludge, sandy clay and silty sand of lacustrine sedimentary origin also suffer from poor geological engineering conditions. The data obtained for the dataset are credible and can accurately reflect the strata information as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the rock and soil masses in the Area since the geological engineering drilling was conducted in a standardized manner and the tests and analysis were all performed by nationally-certified laboratories.