The geochemical dataset of the 1:50 000 Shandong Biguo map sheet area (also referred to as "the Area") was achieved by carrying out a mineralogical survey of the Area based on the project entitled Mineral Survey and Prospecting Prediction of Integrated Exploration Areas of the Gold Deposits in the Shandong Zhaoyuan-Laizhou Area initiated by the China Geological Survey, as well as through extensive data collection of geological information, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting, remote sensing, and mineralogy. A total of 1 875 stream sediment samples were collected, with sampling size fractions of -10~+80 mesh and an average sampling density of 4.5 sampling points per km². Furthermore, 16 elements were analyzed by the methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), powder emission spectrometry (ES), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-ASS). The final geochemical dataset contains an Excel file and an atlas. The Excel file consists of the original analysis data of 16 elements from the 1 875 samples. The atlas comprises one mineralogical map, one sampling point bitmap and 16 element-specific geochemical maps. A total of 149 geochemical anomalies of single elements and 10 integrated anomalies were discovered in the Biguo map sheet area, as a result of this work. In addition, five prospecting target areas of gold deposits were determined through examining the information obtained from the geological investigation, mineralogical survey, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing.