In this paper, based on the extensive collection of materials of geological and engineering investigation, seven categories of geological problems to be prevented and noted and four categories of geological resources to be protected in Chengdu were systematically collated for urban underground space utilization. The underground space in Chengdu has a depth of 200 m that is divided into four layers:0-30 m, 30-60 m, 60-100 m and 100-200 m, which differ in geological elements (in terms of geology and geological resources) constraining urban underground space utilization, as well as geological structure in vertical direction. Afterwards, the recommendation that the urban underground space in Chengdu should be developed and utilized by zones and layers was proposed, and the Geological Environmental Atlas of Chengdu for Supporting and Serving Comprehensive Utilization of Urban Underground Space Resources (also referred to as the Atlas) was drafted. The Atlas contains thirty-nine maps and one geological survey report. It covers key areas of Chengdu, including the Central Urban Area, both the South and West Parks of Chengdu Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Tianfu International Bio-town, Tianfu New Area (under the direct administration of Chengdu Municipality), Tianfu International Airport City, Jianzhou New Town and Huaizhou New Town. The Atlas will provide the geological basis for comprehensive utilization of urban underground space, optimization and expansion of urban space, quality improvement of urban functions, the development of land spaces, transformation and upgrade of the space, and intensive, environmentally-friendly and sustainable urban development of Chengdu. Furthermore, it will offer a demonstration and reference for other cities to prepare an atlas of this kind.