The dataset of the hydrogeological map at a scale of 1:50 000, of the downland in West Hubei was developed based on the organization and analysis of pre-existing data and the integration of the latest original data obtained from a practical field survey in the Dongshi Map Sheet area, such as hydrogeological mapping, geophysical prospecting, hydrogeological drilling, collecting and testing of water samples and monitoring and simultaneous measurement of groundwater level. The original data involved remote-sensing geological interpretation of an area of 450 km², 226 pumping (domestic) wells, 125 points of geological survey, 16 points of environmental geological survey, 12 boreholes of hydrogeological prospecting, 8 boreholes of engineering geological survey, 80 water samples (for total chemical, isotopic and organic pollution analysis), 40 discrete point-times of simultaneous measurement of groundwater levels during the wet and dry seasons and 12 point-locations of pumping (domestic) wells (for monitoring during an entire hydrological year). The original data were acquired in strict accordance with DZ/T 0282-2015 Specification for Hydrogeological Survey (1:50 000), DZ/T 0148-2014 The Specification for Hydrogeological Well Drilling and other technical requirements in order to ensure the accuracy and credibility of the data. The software MapGIS 6.7 was used to prepare the maps in the dataset, adopting the 1984 Xi'an Coordinate System and the Gauss-Kruger projection (6-degree zone). With the theory on groundwater system as a mapping guidance, the hydrogeological map in the dataset can fully reflect the key hydrogeological information and current conditions of groundwater resources, providing a direct basis for long-term planning of the development, utilization and effective protection of regional groundwater resources. Therefore, the dataset will promote the ecological civilization construction and repaid development of the economic belt along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.