The key demonstration technology for ecological restoration of five types of ecological environments was explored to protect ecological environment of the Yangtze River, including coastal saline-alkali land, coastal wetland of the Yangtze River, chemical pollution sites along the Yangtze River, heavy metal pollution sites and abandoned mines. Through the construction of "engineering, structure, biology and agronomic improvement" and other key technology systems of coastal saline-alkali land, the real-time dynamic monitoring system of water-salt migration environment in coastal saline-alkali land has been established, and the industrialization of a series of agricultural products such as sea rice, corn and canola has been realized, which effectively serve the high-quality utilization and territorial space planning of coastal saline-alkali land. The comprehensive ecological restoration technology of "habitat optimization, plant selection and diversity control" was proposed for the wetlands along the Yangtze River in Qidong, Jiangsu Province. Three ecological function areas, namely wetland leisure and sightseeing area, wetland biodiversity protection area and wetland tailwater deep purification area, were formed. The restoration results achieved good ecological and social benefits. Some progress and results have been made, including innovation of organic pollution detection technology, identification of underground "hidden" pollution of one typical chemical park, accurate delineation of main pollutants depth, and clarification of aniline nitrobenzene and benzene. The proposed suggestions on deepening pollution remediation have been adopted by the local municipal government and environmental protection departments to effectively support and serve the redevelopment of abandoned organic chemical sites. Develop cadmium-resistant transgenic specific plant materials and highly effective remediation microorganisms were developed to explore the formation of a microbial-plant interaction remediation mode in high-cadmium soil along the Yangtze River, which lay an important foundation for the development of microbial amendments and large-scale remediation in the future. The developed key technologies for ecological restoration of Anning phosphate tailings storage yard in Yunnan and resource utilization and reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite tailings in Panzhihua of Sichuan strongly support ecological protection and restoration of abandoned mines and resource utilization of tailings.