This paper is the result of geological survey engineering. Objective Based on the health status and resilience of the ecosystem, a risk assessment system of lake basin ecosystem degradation was constructed to provide a scientific basis for ecological environment protection and sustainable development at the basin scale. Methods Taking the Chahannur Lake basin on Bashang Plateau as an example, the interactive risk assessment matrix of ecosystem health and resilience was created, the ecological degradation risk assessment system was established, and the risk assessment of ecosystem degradation in the ChahannurLakebasin was carried out. Results 91.10% of the region's ecological health was in a good state, and 6.66% was excellent. In the basin, 22.76% of the regional ecological resilience level is 1–2, and 75.00% is 3–4. The results of the interactive assessment showed that 27.51% of the basin was in a state of low risk of ecological degradation, and 70.25% of the basin was in a state of medium risk. Conclusions The ecosystem of the Chahannur Lake basin is generally good, but the risk of ecological degradation is moderate in local areas due to poor resilience. The assessment method proposed in this study can accurately classify the risk level of ecological degradation at the watershed scale and provide a basis for the scientific decision–making of precise ecological protection and degradation control measures.