Abstract: This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering [Objective] Under the background ofthe global carbon neutral and the green energy transition, lithium has become a global consensus as a key mineral. The exploration and development of Lithium resources in Africa have put on the agenda. The paper’spurpose is to analyze the metallogenic characteristics and exploration and development potential of Lithium deposits in Africa, and to provide reference for international cooperation of Lithium industry in Africa. [Methods]The paper summarizes the metallogenic characteristics of Lithium resources, and analyzes the development prospects of Lithium industry by tracking the exploration and development trends of lithium resources in Africa. [Results] Africa's proven resources are mainly LCT pegmatite deposits, distributed in the lithium rich pegmatite belt of Congo (DRC), Mali, Zimbabwe, Ghana and Namibia, which are characterized by large resources, high grade and favorable development conditions, so that it is attracting the investment of mining companies from Australia, China and the UK.. [Conclusions] The paper considers that Africa has a late start in lithium exploration and slow development progress, but has good resource endowment. The current high-quality resources have been locked in advance, and it is expected to become a new growth point of global lithium resource supply in the future.