This paper is the result of hydrological geological survey engineering. [Objective] As an important first-class tributary of the Yellow River Basin, it is also an important functional area for soil and water conservation, the Qinhe River Basin is facing two sensitive environmental problems, water environment destruction and soil erosion. Environmental sensitivity evaluation is an important measure of external interference with natural ecosystems. It plays an important role in carrying out regional ecological protection. [Methods] Based on the different environmental geological problems faced, the evaluation methods of analytic hierarchy (AHP) and RUSLE models were selected. Moreover, combined with the powerful spatial analysis function of GIS spatial data technology, sensitivity evaluation maps were generated by integrating graph processing and spatial data operation. The evaluation results were intuitive, which provided technical support for environmental sensitivity analysis. [Results] After assessment, it can be divided into four types of sensitive areas, that is, mildly sensitive areas, moderately sensitive areas, highly sensitive areas and extremely sensitive areas. Statistical analysis shows that moderate and highly sensitive areas account for the largest proportion, reaching 33.43% and 48.56% of the total area, respectively. At the same time, based on each tributary basin, the author puts forward the corresponding adjustment plans to the causes and improvement methods of the environmental status, aiming at the main environmental problems facing each type of sensitive areas. [Conclusions] According to the environmental conditions and sensitivities of each region, the ecological environmental protection and restoration idea was put froward, and an ecological network pattern combining mountain and plain ecosystems is constructed to improve the ecological environment of the Qinhe River Basin.