This paper is the result of urban geological survey engineering. Objective Evaluating the geological environment resilience of urban deep underground space contributes to improving the safety of urban underground space during development and utilization, and reducing the economic losses caused by disasters. Methods In this paper, a multi-factor integrated evaluation model for the geological environment resilience of urban deep underground space was proposed from the aspects of the severity of event, the vulnerability of geological body, the resistant ability, the restoring ability and the adaptability. The evaluation model was applied to analyze a catastrophic engineering accident in a city by virtue of the relevant data. Results The evaluation model is highly operational and feasible, and can be used for resilience assessment of urban deep underground space with various complex geological environments. For the studied accident, the severity index of the event is 5.601, which is categorized as a severe level. The exposure index is 5.735, the sensitivity index to disaster damage is 6.146, and the vulnerability index is 35.247, so the geological body is vulnerable. The early warning capacity index is 1.00, the disaster prevention capability index is increased from 5.66 to 7.00, so the resistant index is increased from 15.38 to 19.02. The recovery is 2.00 after sand filling and grouting. The adaptability index is 1.00 because the geological environment tends to be stable. Conclusions If affected by a disaster, the evolution in the geological environment resilience can be divided into six stages, i.e., the normal stage, the affected stage, the resisting stage, the recovering stage, the adapting stage and the new normal stage. The resilience curve shows a decrease and then an increase before reaching stable again. The resilience level reaches a minimum value at the turning point of the affected stage and the resisting stage.