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摘要:
川甘陕交汇地区新构造活动强烈、地震频发，具有复杂多样的构造变形模式和构造强烈活动特征，为一潜在地震危险性研究的关键构造部位。为了查明川甘陕交汇关键构造部位地壳浅表层现今地应力环境和潜在地震危险性，在甘肃省水市甘谷县及四川省广元市三堆镇实施机械岩心钻探工程和水压致裂地应力测量。地应力测量结果表明，甘谷钻孔3个主应力关系为SH >Sh >Sv，甘谷地区现今水平主应力起主导作用，且具有较高地应力值，钻孔附近最大水平主压应力方位平均为N41°E，易于钻孔附近北西西向西秦岭北缘断裂产生左旋走滑兼逆冲活动；三堆钻孔3个主应力关系为SH >Sh >Sv，该地区现今水平主应力起主导作用，钻孔附近最大水平主压应力方位平均为N85°W，利于钻孔附近北东向青川断裂产生右旋走滑兼逆冲活动。利用库仑摩擦滑动准则对断裂活动进行分析，结果表明天水和广元地区的地应力大小均已经达到了使地壳浅部断层产生滑动失稳的临界条件，需加强地应力实时监测和分析。该研究成果为川甘陕交汇关键构造部位的断裂活动性分析和地质环境安全评价提供科学依据。
Abstract:The Sichuan-Gansu-Shaanxi border area has experienced many great earthquakes with complicated tectonic deformation and tectonic activities, which is the reason why this area is important for study of seismic risk. In order to better understand in-situ stress environment of Tianshui area and to evaluate the seismic risk, it is necessary to conduct deep borehole in-situ stress measurement. In this study, data were gathered from 9 in-situ stress sensors installed in deep borehole (600 m) in the southwest of Gangu County, Gansu Province and 14 in-situ stress sensors installed in deep borehole (400.12 m) at Sandui Town, Sichuan Province. The in-situ stress data reveal that the geostress level of the region is relatively high and both horizontal principal stresses in two tests are larger than the vertical stress (SH >Sh >Sv). The direction of the current maximum horizontal principal stress is N41°E in Gangu borehole and is N85°W in Sandui borehole. The directions of the current maximum horizontal principal stress reflect that the present activity property of the north margin of west Qinling fault is thrust and sinistral slip, and that the present activity property of the Qingchuan fault is thrust and dextral slip. The activity of the north margin of west Qinling fault and the Qingchuan dault was analyzed by Coulomb friction sliding criterion, and the results reveal that the current in-situ stress levels have reached the critical condition of sliding instability. Based on the in-situ stress state and earthquake migration data, it is suggested that more attention should be paid to the Sichuan-Gansu-Shaanxi border area. The results obtained by the authors have great significance for analysis of active faults, long-term monitoring of in-situ stresses, assessment of the regional geological environment and geological disasters prevention.
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图 1 川甘陕地区地应力测量与实时监测钻孔位置
a—研究区及其邻区构造纲要图; b—研究区地形地貌、主要活动构造分布特征以及钻孔位置
Figure 1. Location of borehole in−situ stress measurement and real time supervision site in Sichuan-Gansu-Shaanxi border area and simplified geological map
a-Sketch map of major blocks of study area and adjacent areas; b-Landform and active tectonic characteristics of the study area and location of boreholes for in−situ stress measurement
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图 2 水压致裂地应力测量系统示意图
a—水压致裂地应力测量实验示意图；b—印模测试系统示意图
Figure 2. In-situ stress measurement system of hydraulic fracturing
a-Schematic diagram of in-situ stress measurement; b-Schematic diagram of impressions and orientations of hydraulic fractures measurement
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图 3 水压致裂地应力测量时间-压力曲线
a—天水甘谷县钻孔（GG-1）水压致裂地应力测量时间-压力曲线；b—广元市三堆钻孔（SD-1）水压致裂地应力测量时间-压力曲线
Figure 3. Curves of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement
a-Curves of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement in GG-1 borehole; b-Curves of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement in SD-1 borehole
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图 4 水压破裂定向印模形状及其方向
a—甘谷钻孔（GG-1）水压破裂定向印模试验结果及最大主应力方位；b—三堆钻孔（SD-1）水压破裂定向印模试验结果及最大主应力方位
Figure 4. Impressions and orientations of hydraulic fractures
a-Impressions and orientations of hydraulic fractures of the GG-1 borehole;b-Impressions and orientations of hydraulic fractures of the SD-1 borehole
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图 5 主应力随深度变化曲线及钻孔所在位置的地形特征
a—甘谷钻孔（GG-1）主应力随深度变化曲线及地形特征；b—三堆钻孔（SD-1）主应力随深度变化曲线及地形特征(黄色区域表示主应力受地形地貌影响范围)
Figure 5. Curve of the stress versus depth of GG-1 and SD-1 borehole and landform characteristics around boreholes
a-Curve of the stress versus depth in GG-1 borehole and landform characteristics around boreholes; b-Curve of the stress versus depth in SD-1borehole and landform characteristics around boreholes（Yellow square patterns represent the range of principal stresses affected by topography）
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图 6 川甘陕交汇部位及邻区现今构造应力场特征
①—阿尔金断裂带；②—海原断裂带；③—西秦岭北缘断裂带；④—东昆仑断裂带；⑤—鲜水河断裂带；⑥—甘孜—玉树断裂带；⑦—龙门山断裂带；⑧—虎牙断裂带；⑨—临潭—宕昌断裂带；⑩—青海南山—循化断裂带；???—大柴旦—宗务隆山断裂带a—川甘陕交汇部位现今构造应力场特征；b—天水甘谷钻孔（GG-1）水平最大水平主压力方向，n 为水压破裂定向印模试验获得的最大主应力方位的数量；c—广元三堆钻孔（SD-1）水平最大水平主压力方向，n 为水压破裂定向印模试验获得最大主应力方位的数量；d—川甘陕交汇部位相对欧亚板块的GPS速度场[48]
Figure 6. Characteristics of recent tectonic stress field in Sichuan-Gansu-Shaanxi border area and its adjacent areas
①-Altyn Tagh fault belt; ②-Haiyuan fault belt; ③-West Qingling fault belt;④-East Kunlun fault belt; ⑤-Xianshuihe fault belt; ⑥-Garze-Yushu fault belt; ⑦-Longmenshan fault belt;⑧-Huya fault belt; ⑨-Lintan-Dangchang fault belt; ⑩-Qinghainanshan-Xunhua fault belt; ???-Dachaidan-Zongwulong fault belta-Characteristics of recent tectonic stress field of Sichuan-Gansu-Shaanxi border area and its adjacent areas; b-Azimuth of maximum horizontalprincipal stress of the GG-1 borehole,n= Number of the result of the direction of hydraulic fracture impression; c-Azimuth of maximum horizontalprincipal stress of the SD-1 borehole,n= Number of the result of the direction of hydraulic fracture impression; d-Movement direction of Sichuan-Gansu-Shaanxi border area and the vicinities relative to Eurasia plate from 2009 to 2011[48]
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图 7 川甘陕交汇地区最大有效应力、最小有效应力以及临界摩擦系数的关系
a—天水甘谷最大有效应力、最小有效应力及临界摩擦系数；b—广元三堆最大有效应力、最小有效应力及临界摩擦系数
Figure 7. The effective maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress and critical friction coefficient
a-The effective maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress in Gangu and critical friction coefficient; b-The effective maximum andminimum horizontal principal stress in Sandui and critical friction coefficient
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