Abstract: The research on resources and environment carrying capacity is the result of the coupling of resource carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity. From the beginning to the present, it has experienced the development process from theory to practice and from single factor to comprehensive evaluation, and now has become the rigid constraint on China's land and space planning. On the basis of the historical research on the development of resources and environmental carrying capacity in China and abroad, the authors divide the carrying capability into three main stages, i.e., sprout foundation stage, application exploration stage, and booming development stage. Secondly, the authors discuss the development status and indicator system research progress of geological environment, underground water resources, and mineral resources carrying capacity, and put forward carrying capacity coordination theory of resource and environment. Thirdly, the authors point out that the basic theory, technical methods, scenario simulation and practical application are the detailed directions of China's resources and environmental carrying capacity research aspects in future. Finally, it is believed that the establishment of a nationwide dynamic monitoring and early warning mechanism for resource and environmental carrying capacity is an effective means to support the land and space planning and its usage control in China.