Abstract: Leizhou Peninsula is located in the southernmost part of mainland China, which is an important agricultural production area of pineapple, banana, sugarcane, ect. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the soil are the most needed nutrients for crop growth, which is very important for agricultural development.In this paper, the background characteristics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed for the first time.The content levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different soil parent materials and land use types were studied.The man-made influencing factors and temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were discussed, and the evaluation of their abundance and deficiency was carried out.It is found that the distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil is restricted by geological background and strongly disturbed by human activities. nitrogen, phosphorus are significantly affected by human activities, and potassium is slightly disturbed by human actibities.Compared with th 1990s, the content of phosphorus in surface soil increased greatly, dan potassium was equivalent to that in the earlier stage. The results of soil fertility evaluation showed that the soil in Leizhou Peninsula was rich in phosphorus, deficient in potassium and locally deficient in nitrogen.