The characteristics and main controlling factors of high quality tight sandstone reservoir in the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation in West Sichuan Depression
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摘要:研究目的
致密砂岩优质储层发育特征及控制因素已成为川西坳陷开展源储一体的常规与非常规油气协同勘探的重难点问题；探讨致密砂岩储层特征与致密气成藏的关系。
研究方法运用地球化学、地球物理和沉积学等分析方法，对晚三叠世须三段致密储层发育特征进行研究。
研究结果分析测试数据揭示须家河组须三段储层的孔隙度分布在1.11%~5.70%，渗透率分布在(0.0017~0.45)×10-3μm2，属于致密储层范畴。基于砂岩粒度大小，川西坳陷须三段致密储层识别出3类优质储层，即以石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主的粗砂，以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主的中砂和细砂。研究区粗砂较少发育，厚度较大的中砂和细砂在中亚段和上亚段的三角洲前缘相中部、高位体系域中晚期与低位体系域早期较发育，属于低孔低渗-特低孔特低渗致密储层，储集空间以次生孔隙、微孔隙和微裂缝为主。
结论致密砂岩优质储层发育主要受岩性、沉积、层序和成岩作用协同控制。岩性控制优质储层的发育类型，沉积和层序控制优质储层的发育位置，成岩作用控制优质储层的形成；致密砂岩储层特征与致密气成藏的关系。
创新点：揭示砂岩沉积-层序等特征的粒度中值能够较好地对致密砂岩优质储层进行分类和评价；多因素协调协同作用控制川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩优质储层发育。
Abstract:This paper is the result of oil and gas exploration engineering.
ObjectiveThe development characteristics and controlling factors of high quality tight sandstone reservoirs have become important and difficult issues in the cooperative exploration of conventional and unconventional oil and gas in the integration of source and reservoir in western Sichuan Depression, the relationship between tight sandstone reservoir characteristics and tight gas accumulation is discussed.
MethodsGeochemical, geophysical and sedimentological analysis methods were used to study the development characteristics of tight reservoir in the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation.
ResultsAnalysis of test data revealed the porosity of the reservoir in the third member of the Xujiahe Formation is distributed between 1.11%-5.70% and the permeability is distributed between (0.0017-0.45)×10-3 μm2, which belongs to the category of tight reservoir.Based on the grain size of sandstone, three types of high quality reservoirs are identified in tight reservoir of the third Member of Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan Depression, namely quartz sandstone and lithic quartz sandstone mainly coarse sandstone, the medium and fine sandstone are mainly lithic sandstone, lithic quartz sandstone and feldspar lithic sandstone.Coarse sandstone is less developed in the study area, and medium and fine sandstone with large thickness are relatively developed in the middle of delta front facies of the central and upper sub-member, and in the late stage and early stage of the high and low system tracts.It is a tight reservoir with low porosity and low permeability, ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability, and the reservoir space is dominated by secondary pores, micro-pores and micro-fractures.
ConclusionsThe development of high quality tight sandstone reservoir is mainly controlled by lithology, sedimentation, stratigraphic sequence and diagenesis.Lithology controls the development type of high-quality reservoir, sedimentation and stratigraphic sequence control the development location of high-quality reservoir, and diagenesis control the formation of high-quality reservoir, tight gas accumulation is restricted by tight sandstone reservoir distribution.
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1. 引言
随着国内外常规和非常规油气资源勘探的持续推进，非常规油气与常规油气一样越来越受到重视。作为一种重要的非常规油气资源，致密油气藏将是实现新的储量发现、扩展新的勘探领域的重要领域。关于致密储层发育特征的研究也是石油地质学一直关注的重难点问题(韩国猛等，2019；姚泾利等，2019；Cui et al., 2019；Gao，2019；Li，2019；Wei et al., 2019)。
川西坳陷勘探成果表明该区域具有非常好的石油地质条件，广泛发育的优质烃源岩和良好储层使得研究区具有勘探潜力和资源前景。其中须家河组三段和五段都是以湖相沉积为主，发育很好的烃源岩。钻井结果揭示在须家河组三段泥页岩夹持的砂岩储层中蕴含丰富的天然气，这是典型的近源成藏(杨克明等，2004；秦胜飞等，2007；范增辉等，2018)。川西坳陷须家河组须三段是研究近源和源内成藏体系最理想的天然场所。近源与源内成藏体系中优质储层发育在湖相烃源岩内部或者邻近，沉积时期能量相对较高，砂岩粒度级别为细砂以上，与烃源岩共生，极易成藏。粒度是表征砂岩沉积时沉积体能量、颗粒大小以及搬运距离的重要参数。基于粒度研究前人分别利用直方图、累计曲线及粒度参数(平均值、标准偏差、偏度和峰度) 等，在研究沉积环境解释、沉积动力学等方面取得了较好的应用效果(肖皖龙，1991；丁喜桂等，2005；冉敬等，2011；倪寿亮，2011；邵鸿飞等，2012)。
本文基于分析测试资料、地质与测井资料，从储层物性、岩石学特征、沉积、层序等方面综合分析致密储层的发育特征，并从岩性、沉积、层序和成岩方面探讨致密砂岩优质储层发育的控制因素，为下一步川西坳陷进行大规模源内成藏体系油气勘探奠定基础。
2. 地质概况
川西坳陷位于四川盆地龙门山推覆构造带以东，龙泉山构造带以西，北起广元、旺苍东西构造带，南至峨眉瓦山断褶带。该区域可划分为6个构造单元，分别为安县鸭子河大邑断褶带、梓潼凹陷、孝泉丰谷构造带、成都凹陷、知新场龙宝梁构造带、中江回龙构造带(赵文智等，2011；余瑜等，2018) (图 1a)。
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图 1 川西坳陷须家河组须三段沉积相平面分布图及构造单元划分图(a)和综合柱状图(b)(据赵文智等，2011)1—构造带边界线；2—物源方向；3—三角洲前缘；4—前三角洲；5—滨浅湖；6—远砂坝；7—后滨；8—前滨；9—临滨；10—冲积扇；11—三角洲平原；12—三角洲前缘；13—滩坝；14—碳酸盐台地；15—滨浅湖Figure 1. Distribution of sedimentary facies in the 3th member of the Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan depression and its structural unit division map (a) and comprehensive histogram (b) (after Zhao Wenzhi et al., 2011)1-Structural band boundary line; 2-Source direction; 3-Delta front; 4-The former delta; 5 -Shore shallow lake; 6-Far sand dam; 7-Back shore; 8-Foreshore; 9-Shore face; 10-Blluvial fan; 11- Belta plain; 12-Belta front; 13-Beach dam; 14-Carbonate platform; 15-Shore shallow lake川西坳陷须家河组主要分为五段，其中马鞍塘组和小塘子组以海陆过渡相沉积为主；须二段至须五段以湖相沉积为主，发育的沉积相类型主要有三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、砂坝、沼泽、冲积扇辫状河三角洲-滨浅湖、曲流河三角洲滨浅湖滩坝等(林小兵等，2014；张斌等，2017)(图 1b)。须三段是本文研究的目的层段，由于龙门山造山带北段和西部山系的持续隆升，造成须三段沉积时期盆地边缘大量沉积物快速堆积，物源以近南北向为主，在盆地中央深处发育湖相沉积，多为泥页岩。由于埋深较大，研究区发育典型成熟—高熟湖相烃源岩，以III型干酪根为主，生气强度大，是研究区主力烃源岩。
基于单井测井曲线、岩性剖面、分析测试资料和前人研究成果将须三段划分为须三段上亚段、中亚段和下亚段共三个四级层序。须三段沉积中心位于鸭子河地区，往东和往南地层厚度逐渐减小，往东中江地区地层减小至200 m。须三段顶界面在盆地边缘表现为平行不整合，盆内属于整合接触；上亚段、中亚段和下亚段底界面均表现为沉积作用转换面(赵文智等，2011；林小兵等，2014；张斌等，2017)。本文主要研究致密砂岩优质储层的发育，主要集中在盆内沉积。
3. 优质储层识别与评价
3.1 优质储层的识别
优质储层的识别模型的建立主要是通过砂岩粒度中值的实验数据结合测井曲线来实现的。本次实验样品采自川西坳陷须家河组须三段揭示致密储层的典型钻井，优选有代表性的砂岩样品共26块，样品深度分布在3400~5600 m范围内。基于综合法粒度分析(方法编号：SY/T5434-2009)，利用分析天平(AL204-IC)和马尔文MS3000激光粒度仪，中国石化华东分公司实验研究中心完成了样品的分析测试工作，获得完整的粒度分析测试数据(表 1)。经过分析比较，优选了粒度中值φ值做为指示粒度大小的参数。粒度中值φ值与砂岩粒度范围有很好的对应关系。
由于自然伽马测井曲线具有纵向连续和指示岩性等优点，计算得出具有岩石泥质含量指示意义的ΔGR值来建立与粒度的响应关系模型。ΔGR值的计算如公式(1)：
(1) 其中GR为岩层自然伽马值(API), GRMIN为纯砂岩层自然伽马值，GRMAX为纯泥岩层自然伽马值(API)。
自然伽马测井曲线的地质意义揭示ΔGR值的大小可以反映碎屑岩地层中砂岩和泥质含量相对的变化，粒度中值φ值能够指示碎屑岩地层中砂岩粒度大小。从地质意义上分析，岩石泥质含量偏高，粒度偏小，两者具有很好的对应关系，即ΔGR值偏小，粒度中值φ值偏小，指示砂岩粒度大，沉积能量强。因此ΔGR值与粒度中值φ值有很好的相关性。可以利用ΔGR值纵向连续的优点来预测粒度中值φ值。分别统计了26个样品的粒度中值φ值与ΔGR值大小，并建立了基于测井曲线预测粒度中值φ值模型(图 2a)，结果揭示粒度中值和ΔGR值基本呈正比例线性关系变化。
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图 2 须三段粒度中值φ值与ΔGR值关系模型(a)孔隙度与渗透率关系对比图(b)Figure 2. Model of relationship between median granularity and ΔGR comparative diagram(a) and of relationship between porosity and permeability(b) of the 3th member of the Xujiahe Formation据此得到了基于ΔGR值预测粒度中值φ值的计算如公式(2)：
(2) 粒度参数对砂岩沉积时期的能量大小有很好的指示作用(李忠等，2004；王玉斌等，2005；许承武等，2015；张尧等，2018)。由粒度中值φ值与粒度之间的对应关系模型可知(表 1)，φ值越小代表砂岩粒度越大，当φ值范围在4 ~8时，指示砂岩粒度的级别为0.004 ~0.0625 mm的粉砂岩；当φ值范围在2 ~4、1 ~2、-1 ~1、-6 ~-1、-8 ~-6和 < -8时，指示砂岩粒度分别为细砂岩、中砂岩、粗砂岩、细砾、中砾和巨砾。
表 1 粒度中值测试结果Table 1. Median granularity test results
基于砂岩粒度中值φ值与ΔGR值的关系模型，利用公式(2)和(3)计算得到典型井潼深1井(图 3) 和研究区几十口井须家河组三段单井的粒度中值φ值随深度的变化曲线。结果表明须三段优质储层的粒度中值φ主要分布在-1~4，分别对应粗砂、中砂和细砂，粒度分布范围为2.0 ~0.0625 mm。因此，研究区致密储层可划分为粗砂、中砂和细砂3种类型。
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图 3 潼深1井优质储层与高效烃源岩对比剖面1—高效烃源岩；2—优质储层；3—黑色页岩；4—黑色炭质页岩；5—深灰色砂岩；6—灰色含砾砂岩；7—深灰色中砂岩；8—深灰色粉砂岩Figure 3. Comparative profile of high quality reservoir and high efficiency source rock in Tongshen 1 well1-High efficiency source rock; 2-High quality reservoir; 3-Black sandstone; 4-Black carbonaceous shale; 5-Dark grey sandstone; 6-Grey pebbled sandstone; 7-Dark grey medium sandstone; 8-Dark grey siltstone3.2 优质储层发育特征
潼深1井(图 3)揭示优质储层与烃源岩有相伴生，属于近源成藏的优质储层，厚度分布极不均匀，发育在三角洲前缘相和滨浅湖相。优选的典型连井剖面(图 4)揭示了研究区厚度较大(至少5 m以上)优质储层至少有4套(S1、S2、S3和S4)，分布在须三段上亚段1套(S1)，中亚段3套(S2、S3和S4)。下亚段烃源岩厚度较大(图 4)，只发育薄层优质储层。顺物源方向的连井剖面揭示高能砂体S1和S3只在川罗562井附近有分布，S2和S4从梓潼凹陷的潼深1井孝泉丰谷构造带的大部分井都有分布。
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基于研究区100多口井砂泥百分含量、单井相、地震相和前人研究成果制作了研究区须三段上亚段、中亚段和下亚段砂岩百分含量与沉积相平面分布叠合图(图 5，图 6，图 7)。优选了研究区发育优质储层的典型钻井30多口，分别统计了每口井上亚段、中亚段和下亚段优质储层中粗砂岩、中砂岩和细砂岩的百分含量。结果显示只有极少部分井揭示在三角洲前缘的扇中位置发育粗砂，上亚段含量占到1%~10%，中亚段含量占到1%~2%，下亚段含量占到1%~9%。绝大多数探井揭示发育中砂和细砂，上亚段中砂含量占到1%~20%，中亚段中砂含量占到1%~39%，下亚段中砂含量占到1%~15%；上亚段细砂含量占到1%~50%，中亚段细砂含量占到1%~75%，下亚段细砂含量占到1%~38%。对比结果表明中砂和细砂在中亚段最发育，其次上亚段发育好于下亚段。
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图 5 须三段上亚段沉积相和砂岩百分含量平面叠合图1—三角洲前缘；2—三角洲平原；3—滨浅湖；4—滩坝；5—砂地比等值线；6—细砂百分比；7—中砂百分比；8—粗砂百分比Figure 5. The plane superposition diagram of sedimentary facies and sandstone percentages in upper subsegment of the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation1-Delta front; 2-Delta plain; 3-Shoal lake; 4-Beach dam; 5-Sand ratio contour; 6-Fine sand percentage; 7-Medium sand percentage; 8- Coarse sand percentage![]()
图 6 须三段中亚段沉积相和砂岩百分含量平面叠合图1—三角洲前缘；2—三角洲平原；3—滨浅湖；4—滩坝；5—砂地比等值线；6—细砂百分比；7—中砂百分比；8—粗砂百分比Figure 6. The plane superposition diagram of sedimentary facies and sandstone percentages in middle subsegment of the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation1-Delta front; 2-Delta plain; 3-Shoal lake; 4-Beach dam; 5-Sand ratio contour; 6-Fine sand percentage; 7-Medium sand percentage; 8- Coarse sand percentage![]()
图 7 须三段下亚段沉积相和砂岩百分含量平面叠合图1—三角洲前缘；2—三角洲平原；3—滨浅湖；4—滩坝；5—砂地比等值线；6—细砂百分比；7—中砂百分比；8—粗砂百分比Figure 7. The plane superposition diagram of sedimentary facies and sandstone percentages in lower subsegment of the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation1-Delta front; 2-Delta plain; 3-Shoal lake; 4-Beach dam; 5-Sand ratio contour; 6-Fine sand percentage; 7-Medium sand percentage; 8- Coarse sand percentage基于研究区分析测试数据，对识别出的致密储层的物性进行分析(图 2b)，样品分析测试结果表明细砂岩孔隙度介于1.11%~4.29%，平均值2.81%，主要分布在3.0% ~4.0%；渗透率介于0.0017 × 10-3~ 0.45×10-3 μm2，平均值0.23×10-3 μm2，主要分布在0.01×10-3~0.1×10-3μm2。中砂岩孔隙度介于1.78%~ 5.70%，平均值3.49%，主要分布在2.0%~5.0%；渗透率介于0.006×10-3~0.35×10-3 μm2，平均值0.21×10-3 μm2，主要分布在0.01×10-3~0.15×10-3 μm2。由于没有获得粗砂岩样品，所有没有粗砂岩物性数据。须三段优质储层物性特征表明须三段储层属于低孔低渗—特低孔特低渗致密储层。中砂岩孔隙度绝大多数大于细砂岩孔隙度，随着孔隙度增加渗透率也呈现增大的趋势，少数渗透率大于0.1×10-3 μm2，随着砂岩粒度级别的增大，优质储层的孔隙度增大明显，渗透率变化趋势较小。
优质储层的岩石学特征表明粗砂主要为石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩；中砂主要为岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和少量长石石英砂岩等；细砂主要为岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩等。通过对比可知中砂和细砂的岩石学特征类似(图 8)。
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图 8 粗砂、中砂和细砂的岩石学特征1—石英砂岩；2—长石石英砂岩；3—岩屑石英砂岩；4—长石砂岩；5—岩屑长石砂岩；6—长石岩屑砂岩；7—岩屑砂岩；8—粗砂岩岩石样品点；9—细砂岩岩石样品点；10—中砂岩岩石样品点Figure 8. Petrological characteristics of coarse sand, medium sand and fine sand1-Quartz sandstone; 2-Feldspar quartz sandstone; 3-Cuttings quartz sandstone; 4-Feldspar sandstone; 5-Cuttings feldspar sandstone; 6- Feldspar cuttings sandstone; 7-Cuttings sandstone; 8-Coarse sandstone rock; 9-Fine sandstone rock; 10-Middle sandstone rock薄片鉴定揭示须三段碎屑颗粒间多见缝合线构造，石英颗粒具压溶、碎裂现象，碎裂纹理充填常见暗色矿物，次生加大现象。斜长石绢云母化，部分绢云母分散到空隙间，作为填隙物。云母多具菱铁矿化。他形黄铁矿充填于颗粒间的孔隙内（图 9a、b）。粒间溶孔是由粒间方解石胶结物、杂基和颗粒边缘溶蚀而形成的，为须三段致密储层主要的孔隙类型，图 7b揭示为填隙物溶蚀孔。微孔隙、微裂缝较发育（图 9g~h）。阴极发光显示致密储层内除石英、长石以外，碳酸盐发育（图 9c、d）。通过岩石薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜等镜下观察可知，须三段致密储层储集空间以次生孔隙、微孔隙和微裂缝为主，原生孔隙不发育（图 9）。
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图 9 须三段典型样品岩石薄片鉴定、阴极发光、铸体薄片和扫描电子显微镜分析a—新884井，5733.14 m，须三中，岩石薄片鉴定，单偏光；b—新884井，5733.14 m，须三中，岩石薄片鉴定，正交偏光；c—川孝568，3999.5 m，须三段，阴极发光鉴定；d—川孝568，3999.5 m，须三段，阴极发光鉴定；e—川孝568，4002.8 m，须三段，铸体薄片孔隙特征图像；f—大邑3井，4725.6 m，须三中，铸体薄片孔隙特征图像；g—川鸭95，3671.3 m，须三中，扫描电子显微镜分析(氩离子)；h—川鸭95，3671.3 m，须三中，扫描电子显微镜分析(氩离子)Figure 9. Identification of rock flakes, cathodic luminescence, casting flakes and scanning electron microscopy analysis of typical samples from three sections of whiskersa-New 884 well, 5733.14 m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, rock section identification, plane-polarized light; b-New 884 well, 5733.14 m, middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, rock section identification, perpendicular polarized light; cchuanxiao 568 well, 3999.5m, the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, cathode luminescence identification; d- Chuanxiao 568 well, 3999.5m, the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, cathode luminescence identification; e-Chuanxiao 568 well, 4002.8 m, the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, image of porosity character of body of casting; f-Dayi 3 well, 4725.6 m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, image of porosity character of body of casting; g- Chuanya 95 well, 3671.3 m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, scanning electron microscopy analysis(argon ion); h-Chuanya 95 well, 3671.3m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, scanning electron microscopy analysis(argon ion)4. 优质储层发育控制因素
岩性控制着致密砂岩优质储层的类型。基于粒度大小可识别出以石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主的粗砂，以岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和少量长石石英砂岩等为主中砂和以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩等为主细砂3类优质储层（图 3）。
沉积和层序控制着致密砂岩优质储层发育的位置。单井揭示粗砂发育较少，中砂和细砂发育在三角洲前缘中部位置和滨浅湖相，明显受沉积相控制（图 5）。单井连井剖面揭示厚度较大的优质储层发育在高位体系域中晚期与低位体系域早期（图 4）。
铸体薄片等镜下资料显示优质储层砂岩胶结、溶蚀等作用明显，成岩作用控制致密优质储层的形成（图 7）。因此，须三段致密砂岩优质储层发育受岩性、沉积、层序和成岩作用的协同控制，致密砂岩优质储层的分布对致密气成藏也有控制作用；成岩作用控制着致密砂岩优质储层的形成，沉积和层序控制着生成致密气藏的位置，岩性控制着形成优质储层的类型。
5. 结论
(1) 川西坳陷须三段致密储层可以根据粒度大小识别出3种优质储层：粗砂，中砂和细砂。粗砂发育极少，厚度较大中砂和细砂在中亚段和上亚段扇三角洲前缘相中部较发育；致密砂岩的储层分布特征控制着致密气的成藏。
(2) 须三段致密储层的孔隙度分布在1.11%~ 5.70%，渗透率分布在0.0017×10-3~0.45×10-3μm2，属于低孔低渗—特低孔特低渗致密储层。中砂孔隙度绝大多数大于细砂孔隙度，随着孔隙度增加渗透率也呈现增大的趋势。致密储层的岩石学特征表明粗砂主要为石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩，中砂和细砂的岩石学特征类似，主要为岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩等；致密储层的分布对致密气成藏起着制约作用。基于岩石薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜等揭示须三段致密储层储集空间以次生孔隙、微孔隙和微裂缝为主，原生孔隙不发育。
(3) 岩性、沉积、层序和成岩作用协同控制须三段致密砂岩储层的发育，致密砂岩储层的发育是致密气成藏的前提条件。粗砂、中砂和细砂发育在三角洲前缘中部位置和滨浅湖相，厚度较大优质储层发育在三角洲前缘中部位置。高位体系域中晚期与低位体系域早期是优质储层发育的有利位置，成岩作用控制致密优质储层的形成。
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图 1 川西坳陷须家河组须三段沉积相平面分布图及构造单元划分图(a)和综合柱状图(b)(据赵文智等，2011)
1—构造带边界线；2—物源方向；3—三角洲前缘；4—前三角洲；5—滨浅湖；6—远砂坝；7—后滨；8—前滨；9—临滨；10—冲积扇；11—三角洲平原；12—三角洲前缘；13—滩坝；14—碳酸盐台地；15—滨浅湖
Figure 1. Distribution of sedimentary facies in the 3th member of the Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan depression and its structural unit division map (a) and comprehensive histogram (b) (after Zhao Wenzhi et al., 2011)
1-Structural band boundary line; 2-Source direction; 3-Delta front; 4-The former delta; 5 -Shore shallow lake; 6-Far sand dam; 7-Back shore; 8-Foreshore; 9-Shore face; 10-Blluvial fan; 11- Belta plain; 12-Belta front; 13-Beach dam; 14-Carbonate platform; 15-Shore shallow lake
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图 2 须三段粒度中值φ值与ΔGR值关系模型(a)孔隙度与渗透率关系对比图(b)
Figure 2. Model of relationship between median granularity and ΔGR comparative diagram(a) and of relationship between porosity and permeability(b) of the 3th member of the Xujiahe Formation
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图 3 潼深1井优质储层与高效烃源岩对比剖面
1—高效烃源岩；2—优质储层；3—黑色页岩；4—黑色炭质页岩；5—深灰色砂岩；6—灰色含砾砂岩；7—深灰色中砂岩；8—深灰色粉砂岩
Figure 3. Comparative profile of high quality reservoir and high efficiency source rock in Tongshen 1 well
1-High efficiency source rock; 2-High quality reservoir; 3-Black sandstone; 4-Black carbonaceous shale; 5-Dark grey sandstone; 6-Grey pebbled sandstone; 7-Dark grey medium sandstone; 8-Dark grey siltstone
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图 5 须三段上亚段沉积相和砂岩百分含量平面叠合图
1—三角洲前缘；2—三角洲平原；3—滨浅湖；4—滩坝；5—砂地比等值线；6—细砂百分比；7—中砂百分比；8—粗砂百分比
Figure 5. The plane superposition diagram of sedimentary facies and sandstone percentages in upper subsegment of the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation
1-Delta front; 2-Delta plain; 3-Shoal lake; 4-Beach dam; 5-Sand ratio contour; 6-Fine sand percentage; 7-Medium sand percentage; 8- Coarse sand percentage
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图 6 须三段中亚段沉积相和砂岩百分含量平面叠合图
1—三角洲前缘；2—三角洲平原；3—滨浅湖；4—滩坝；5—砂地比等值线；6—细砂百分比；7—中砂百分比；8—粗砂百分比
Figure 6. The plane superposition diagram of sedimentary facies and sandstone percentages in middle subsegment of the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation
1-Delta front; 2-Delta plain; 3-Shoal lake; 4-Beach dam; 5-Sand ratio contour; 6-Fine sand percentage; 7-Medium sand percentage; 8- Coarse sand percentage
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图 7 须三段下亚段沉积相和砂岩百分含量平面叠合图
1—三角洲前缘；2—三角洲平原；3—滨浅湖；4—滩坝；5—砂地比等值线；6—细砂百分比；7—中砂百分比；8—粗砂百分比
Figure 7. The plane superposition diagram of sedimentary facies and sandstone percentages in lower subsegment of the 3th member of Xujiahe Formation
1-Delta front; 2-Delta plain; 3-Shoal lake; 4-Beach dam; 5-Sand ratio contour; 6-Fine sand percentage; 7-Medium sand percentage; 8- Coarse sand percentage
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图 8 粗砂、中砂和细砂的岩石学特征
1—石英砂岩；2—长石石英砂岩；3—岩屑石英砂岩；4—长石砂岩；5—岩屑长石砂岩；6—长石岩屑砂岩；7—岩屑砂岩；8—粗砂岩岩石样品点；9—细砂岩岩石样品点；10—中砂岩岩石样品点
Figure 8. Petrological characteristics of coarse sand, medium sand and fine sand
1-Quartz sandstone; 2-Feldspar quartz sandstone; 3-Cuttings quartz sandstone; 4-Feldspar sandstone; 5-Cuttings feldspar sandstone; 6- Feldspar cuttings sandstone; 7-Cuttings sandstone; 8-Coarse sandstone rock; 9-Fine sandstone rock; 10-Middle sandstone rock
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图 9 须三段典型样品岩石薄片鉴定、阴极发光、铸体薄片和扫描电子显微镜分析
a—新884井，5733.14 m，须三中，岩石薄片鉴定，单偏光；b—新884井，5733.14 m，须三中，岩石薄片鉴定，正交偏光；c—川孝568，3999.5 m，须三段，阴极发光鉴定；d—川孝568，3999.5 m，须三段，阴极发光鉴定；e—川孝568，4002.8 m，须三段，铸体薄片孔隙特征图像；f—大邑3井，4725.6 m，须三中，铸体薄片孔隙特征图像；g—川鸭95，3671.3 m，须三中，扫描电子显微镜分析(氩离子)；h—川鸭95，3671.3 m，须三中，扫描电子显微镜分析(氩离子)
Figure 9. Identification of rock flakes, cathodic luminescence, casting flakes and scanning electron microscopy analysis of typical samples from three sections of whiskers
a-New 884 well, 5733.14 m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, rock section identification, plane-polarized light; b-New 884 well, 5733.14 m, middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, rock section identification, perpendicular polarized light; cchuanxiao 568 well, 3999.5m, the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, cathode luminescence identification; d- Chuanxiao 568 well, 3999.5m, the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, cathode luminescence identification; e-Chuanxiao 568 well, 4002.8 m, the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, image of porosity character of body of casting; f-Dayi 3 well, 4725.6 m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, image of porosity character of body of casting; g- Chuanya 95 well, 3671.3 m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, scanning electron microscopy analysis(argon ion); h-Chuanya 95 well, 3671.3m, the middle subsegment of the 3th member of xujiahe Formation, scanning electron microscopy analysis(argon ion)
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