陕西北洛河流域地下水水化学和同位素特征及其水质评价

周殷竹; 马涛; 袁磊; 李甫成; 韩双宝; 周金龙; 李勇

doi:10.12029/gc20220401003

陕西北洛河流域地下水水化学和同位素特征及其水质评价

Hydrochemistry−isotope characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater in the Beiluo River Basin, Shaanxi Province

摘要

摘要:
研究目的 北洛河是黄河的重要二级支流，研究该流域典型支流地下水的水质状况对于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。
研究方法 本文以北洛河流域为主要对象，系统查明流域地下水水质现状，圈定劣质地下水分布区，为饮水安全提供保障。此外，对该区地下水水化学和D−¹⁸O同位素组成进行分析，研究地下水水化学特征及演化机制，揭示水文地质条件及人为因素对区域地下水水文地球化学特征的控制和影响作用。
研究结果 区内地下水水化学成分除受岩石风化和蒸发浓缩作用的共同控制之外，部分还受到人类活动的影响。D−¹⁸O同位素组成指示了地下水整体上受蒸发浓缩作用影响。
结论上游碎屑岩中的石膏、盐岩等易溶矿物经溶滤进入地下水，下游松散孔隙水在蒸发浓缩的作用下积聚盐分导致上、下游地下水TDS较高；奥陶系岩溶含水岩组和新生界断陷盆地含水岩组地下水水化学组成主要受蒸发盐岩影响，此外还受到人类活动的影响。白垩系和石炭系—侏罗系含水岩组地下水主要分布于岩石风化区，说明该地下水水化学组分主要受岩石风化作用控制，且主要受硅酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩风化影响，人类活动影响的扰动相对较小。上、下游地区地下水受工矿活动影响较严重，中游地下水受工矿活动、农业活动、生活污水影响均较小，水质整体较好。

Abstract:
This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.

Objective The Beiluo River Basin is an important secondary tributary of the Yellow River. Research on groundwater quality in typical tributary basin of theYellow River is of significant for ecological protection and high−quality development. To ensure local drinking water safety, we systematically identified status of groundwater quality and delineated inferior groundwater region in the Beiluo River Basin.
Methods Besides, based on analysis of D−¹⁸O isotope in groundwater, characteristics and evolution mechanism of groundwater hydrochemistry were studied and effects of hydrogeological condition and anthropogenic activities on groundwater hydrochemistry were revealed.
Results Groundwater hydrochemical composition was jointly affected by rock weathering and evaporation concentration, part of which was influenced by anthropogenic activities. D−¹⁸O isotope composition suggested that evaporation concentration is the major influence factor of groundwater hydrogeochemistry.
Conclusions Leaching of soluble minerals such as gypsum halite in clasolite and evaporation concentration of pore water in Cenozoic faulted basin in the downstream caused salt accumulation and high TDS in groundwater in the upstream and downstream, respectively. Hydrochemical composition of groundwater in Ordovician karst aquifer and Cenozoic faulted basin aquifer was mainly controlled by evaporites and anthropogenic activities. While hydrochemical composition in Cretaceous aquifer and Carboniferous−Jurassic aquifer was mainly controlled by rock weathering (especially silicate rocks and evaporite) and less affected by anthropogenic activities. Moreover, groundwater in the upstream and downstream was significantly affected by industrial and mining activities. While groundwater in the midstream is of good quality due to less influence of industrial/mining activities, agricultural activities and domestic wastewater.

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