河南省洛阳市不同农作物中镉富集规律及镉轻度污染区农业种植建议

任彧仲; 宋延斌; 王喜宽; 侯进凯; 赵瑞

doi:10.12029/gc20220512001

河南省洛阳市不同农作物中镉富集规律及镉轻度污染区农业种植建议

Cadmium accumulation in different crops and agricultural planting suggestions for Cadmium lightly polluted areas in Luoyang City, Henan Province

摘要

摘要:
研究目的 本文主要是为了筛选镉低积累农作物，研究农作物中镉的影响因素，指导农田土壤镉轻度污染区的安全利用。
研究方法 通过对洛阳市大田种植的23种农作物可食部分以及根系土中镉及其他元素的测试，应用数理统计与相关性分析，结合地质矿产特征，研究了洛阳市土壤中镉超标原因，不同农作物中镉的富集规律和影响因素，筛选出镉低积累农作物。
研究结果 农作物土壤中镉超标点位占总点位数的6.98%，农作物超标点位占总点位的0.84%，农作物超标点占土壤轻微轻度超标点的12%，镉轻微轻度超标土壤中农作物超标率低。各种农作物可食部分中镉平均含量从大到小排列为：花生＞秋葵＞豇豆＞绿豆＞大豆＞黑豆＞芝麻＞油菜籽＞辣椒＞小麦＞大蒜＞红小豆＞谷子＞毛豆＞豆角＞玉米＞红薯＞樱桃＞石榴＞梨＞银条＞苹果＞葡萄。土壤中镉全量与镉不同形态均呈显著正相关。进行相关性分析的16种农作物中，农作物中镉与土壤中镉8种呈正相关，4种呈负相关，4种无相关。2种农作物中镉与pH呈正相关，11种农作物中镉与pH呈负相关，3种农作物中镉与pH无相关。13种镉BCF与pH呈负相关，3种镉BCF与pH呈正相关。15种镉BCF与农作物中镉呈正相关，1种镉BCF与农作物中镉呈负相关。影响农作物中镉含量的因素主要是土壤pH值，其次是土壤中镉。各种农作物中镉与土壤和农作物中硒、钼、锌以及其BCF呈现不同的相关性。镉轻微轻度污染区，种植苹果、石榴、银条、梨、红薯、玉米、大蒜、葡萄、豆角、樱桃可以安全利用。芝麻、油菜籽、谷子、小麦、花生种植在碱性土壤中也可以安全利用。豆类作物也是镉轻微轻度污染区适合种植的农作物。小麦中镉超标区种植芝麻、油菜籽、谷子、红薯、玉米等粮油作物和苹果、梨、葡萄、樱桃等水果均可以安全利用，提高土壤pH值也可以降低小麦对镉的吸附。
结论不同农作物镉富集规律与影响因素的研究，为研究区土壤镉轻微轻度污染区的安全利用提供了科学依据。

Abstract: This paper is the result of agricultural geological survey engineering.
Objective The purpose of this paper is to screen the crops with low cadmium accumulation, study the influencing factors of cadmium in crops, and guide the safe utilization of agricultural soil lightly contaminated with cadmium.
Methods Cadmium and other elements in the edible parts of 23 crops and the corresponding root soils from Luoyang City were measured. We studied the reasons of excessive cadmium in soil, enrichment trend of cadmium in different crops and its influencing factors to screenout the crops with low cadmium accumulation by mathema-ticalstatistics and correlation analysiscombined with the information of geology and mineral deposits.
Results 6.98% of root soil samples exceeded the national standard of Cd in crop soil. 0.84% of crop samples exceeded the national standard of Cd in crops. The rates of crop exceeding the national standard in the soil with cadmium slightly exceeding the national standardis low.The average cadmium concentration in the edible parts of various crops is ranked as: peanut>okra>cowpea>mung bean>soybean>black bean> sesame>apeseed>pepper>wheat>garlic>red bean>millet>edamame>bean>corn> sweet potato>cherry>pomegranate>pear>Chinese artichoke>apple>grape. Different speciation of Cd is significantly correlated with the total Cd in root soil. The main influencing factors affecting cadmium concentration in edible parts of crops is soil pH, followed by cadmium concentration in soil and concentrations of other elements such as Se, Mo and Zn.The correlation between Cd concentration in edible parts of different crops and soil Cd content and pH is not consistent. In areas with weak cadmium pollution, apples, pomegranates, Chinese artichoke, pears, sweet potatoes, corn, garlic, grapes, beans and cherries are recommended to be planted.Sesame, rapeseed, millet, wheat and peanuts can be farmed in alkaline soil.Sesame, rapeseed, millet, sweet potato and corn and fruits such as apple, pear, grape and cherry can be safely grown in areas with excessive cadmium in wheat grains.Increasing soil pH can also reduce the adsorption of cadmium by wheat grains.
Conclusions The study of cadmium accumulation trends and its influencing factors of different crops could provide scientific basis for the safe utilization of soil with cadmium slightly exceeding the national standard.

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