This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.

Objective The eastern segment of China–Mongolia–Russia has a complex geological evolution history with strong mineralization. Thus, it is of great significance to enhance the study about cross−boundary mineralization and, particularly, the summary of region-wide mineralization rules for improving the level of regional basic geological research and ore exploration.

Methods By compiling all kinds of geological data, we disentangle the metallogenic geological features, resource endowment, temporal and spatial distribution of ore deposits, metallogenic background and so on.

Results Within the study area, 10 super−large ore deposits, 33 large ore deposits, 55 medium ore deposits, and numerous small ore deposits (and occurrences) were proved or discovered. In general, it can be divided into the deposits related Precambrian tectonic system, the deposits related Paleo–Asian Ocean tectonic system, the deposits related Mongolia–Okhotsk tectonic system, and the deposits superimposed by the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean and Paleo–Pacific tectonic system.

Conclusions The spatial and temporal distribution features of regional ore deposits are obvious: The most important deposits formed in various periods, including the Archean Fe deposits distributed in the West Aldan–Sutam area, the Paleoproterozoic Cu–Fe–Ti deposits distributed in the Udokan–DyosLeglier area and the Neoproterozoic Pb–Zn deposits distributed in the Baikal–Muya tectonic belt, the Cambrian–Silurian Fe–Zn–Ti deposits distributed in the Yenisey–Transbaikalian tectonic belt, the Carboniferous Au deposits distributed in the Baikal–Patom tectonic belt, the Triassic Cu and Mo deposits distributed in the Orhon–Selenge area and the Late Permian–Early Triassic Fe deposits in the Angara–Ilim area, and the Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous Au–Pb–Zn–W–Mo deposits distributed in the Mongolia–Okhotsk tectonic belt and its surrounding areas.