Abstract: Objective To accurately analyze the migration enrichment pattern of soil fluoride in the arid oasis area and the risks to human health.Methods Combining statistical theory and spatial analysis tools to analyze the factors influencing soil fluoride transport enrichment and carry out soil fluoride health risk assessment.Results The results show that:(1) The mean fluoride content of the surface soil in the study area is 543 mg·kg^-1, which is 1.28 times the background fluoride value for soils in the oasis zone and 1.14 times the national background fluoride value for soils in layer A. (2) The vertical variation of soil fluoride content in the study area is influenced by soil texture, organic carbon content, and other soil physicochemical properties; the horizontal distribution of soil fluoride content is influenced by soil pH, strong evaporation climate, etc., and shows a clear "Surface Riches". At the same time, the fluoride content of the soils in the area was significantly and positively correlated with Fe₂O₃ and MgO, with Al₂O₃, K₂O, and CaO, and negatively correlated with SiO₂ and Na₂O, the 'signature' indicators of the landscape environment. (3) The sensitivity analysis showed that body weight contributed -49.5% and -50.9% to the non-cancer risk in adults and child, respectively, indicating that the lower the body weight, the higher the non-cancer risk, which was more pronounced in children.Conclusions The main source of soil fluorine in the study area is the soil-forming parent material, and the "sand source" of the Tarim Basin is the main source of fluorine. At the same time, exogenous inputs such as anthropogenic factors also influence the spatial distribution pattern of soil fluorine. The spatial distribution pattern of soil The main route of exposure to soil fluorine in the study area is oral ingestion, which is more pronounced in children, but the overall risk is low.