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    淮河流域平原区高氟地下水的环境健康风险及其成因

    Exposure risk and genesis of groundwater fluoride contamination from Huaihe River Plain, China

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      研究目的 淮河流域是中国典型的高F–地下水分布地区，为全面了解淮河流域平原区含F–地下水的暴露风险，本研究利用近期高密度的地下水测试数据，对地下水调查井F–暴露风险进行分级评价，并对未监测点的F–超标概率进行预测。
      研究方法 本研究运用F–风险等级划分与指示克里格方法，评估淮河流域平原区地下水F–污染的风险程度和风险概率，并探讨了高F–地下水的成因。
      研究结果 统计分析研究区5575口水井水化学测试数据，F–浓度范围为0.01~5.45 mg/L，中值1.02 mg/L，均值1.97 mg/L。平原地区的F–浓度明显高于丘陵地区；呈现极高风险、高风险水井分别为548口（9.83%）、576口（10.33%），主要分布在内陆平原地带。与深层地下水样品相比，浅层地下水样显示出较高的污染水平和空间变异性。根据F–浓度概率图预测统计，浅层地下水具有高风险面积超过5137 km2，而相应深层地下水的高风险面积为864 km2，预计有314万人可能遭受饮用含F–地下水的高暴露风险。浅、深层地下水F–超标概率图分布呈现相似的空间分布格局，在内陆平原地带都有明显的浓集中心。
      结论 饮用高F–地下水是当地居民遭受其暴露风险的主要途径。地下水高风险地区与氟中毒高发病率在空间上高度重合，揭示地下水F–污染程度与氟中毒病集群相关。高F–地下水系原生成因，萤石矿物的溶解是地下水中F–的主要物质来源，碱性解析、蒸发浓缩作用也影响高F–地下水的形成。本文对淮河流域平原区地下水F–污染暴露风险区进行了划分，研究结果可为区域地下水合理利用与治理提供科学依据。

       

      Abstract:
      This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
      Objective Presently, Huaihe River Basin is identified as a region with F– rich groundwater in China. In order to comprehensively evaluate groundwater F– exposure risk in this basin, this study is to assess its risk magnitude of investigating wells and to predict its risk probability at unsampled points based on the recently obtained high−density hydrochemical data.
      Methods With methods of risk magnitude and indicator kriging, this study is to assess the risk magnitude and likelihood for F– rich groundwater in Huaihe River Plain, and discusses how it formed additionally.
      Results F– concentrations from 5575 investigating wells are in range of 0.01−5.45 mg/L, with a median of 1.02 mg/L and a mean of 1.97 mg/L, respectively. F concentrations in plain areas are significantly higher than those in hilly areas. There are 548 (9.83%) wells with high risk magnitude, and 576 (10.33%) wells with very high risk magnitude, which are predominant positioned in inland plain. Compared with deep groundwater, shallow groundwater exhibits higher F– levels and spatial variability. Based on the prediction of shallow and deep risk probability maps, the potential high F– hazard areas over shallow groundwater encompass more than 5137 km2, while the counterpart over deep groundwater is 864 km2; where 3.14 million people are estimated to be potentially exposed to F– contamination. The risk probability map of shallow groundwater shows a similar spatial pattern with that of deep groundwater, and both risk probability peaks are located in inland plain areas.
      Conclusions It is the main route for inhabitants exposed to F– through drinking groundwater. The spatial coincidence of high F– risk probability and high incidence rate of fluorosis observed in inland plain, which might suggest that groundwater F− level is related to the fluorosis cluster. F– rich groundwater is of in−situ origin, and F– is manly derived and released on fluorite dissolution. Besides, alkaline desorption and evaporation concentration affect the formation of high F– groundwater. This paper carried out research on exposure risk of F– rich groundwater in Huaihe River Plain, China, which results may provide scientific basis for the rational utilization and management of regional groundwater.

       

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