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    广东雷州东部土壤重金属分布特征、来源分析及健康风险评价

    Spatial distribution characteristic, source analysis and health risk assessment of the soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou, Guangdong Province

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      研究目的 以雷州市东部为研究区，研究土壤重金属含量及空间分布特征，剖析重金属来源，评价重金属污染程度及人体的健康风险评价。
      研究方法 采集381个点位的表层土壤样，分析测试土壤重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn，应用GIS软件分析重金属元素空间分布特征，运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数开展土壤重金属污染程度评价，采用蒙特卡洛健康风险模型评估人体健康风险。
      研究结果 （1）As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn在土壤中的平均值依次为5.85×10−6、0.079×10−6、64.03×10−6、14.11×10−6、0.07×10−6、21.23×10−6、35.38×10−6、76.45×10−6，其中Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn超过广东省土壤背景值，表明这四种元素在土壤中呈相对富集。（2）单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数显示研究区土壤质量总体较好，以清洁状态和尚清洁状态为主，仅有个别点位存在轻度污染。（3）重金属除了地质背景来源，还与交通源、农业源和工业源有关。（4）健康风险评价表明，土壤重金属对成人和儿童的非致癌健康风险可以忽略，但对成人和儿童存在可耐受致癌健康风险，最主要的致癌因素为重金属元素As；敏感性分析表明非致癌风险中皮肤黏着系数（SL）是影响非致癌风险的首要因素，致癌风险中SL和As分别是影响成人和儿童致癌的首要因素；致癌途径主要是通过皮肤暴露和手-口暴露途径进入人体。
      结论 雷州市东部土壤重金属污染程度较低，整体呈轻微生态风险，但Hg和Cd应引起足够的重视；As是影响人体健康的主要致癌因素，应加强对As的污染防控。

       

      Abstract:
      This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
      Objective Taking the eastern part of Leizhou as research area, this paper studies the concentration and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metalsin soil, analyzes the sources of heavy metals, evaluates the degree of heavy metal pollution, and assess the health risks tohuman health.
      Methods A total of 381 soil samples are collected to measure the concentration of heavy metal elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg,Ni, Pb and Zn. GIS technique is used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals; the single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index methods are used to evaluate the degree of soil heavy metals pollution, and Monte Carlo health risk model is used to assess human health risks.
      Results (1) the average concentration values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil are 5.85×10−6, 0.079×10−6, 64.03×10−6, 14.11×10−6, 0.07×10−6, 21.23×10−6, 35.38×10−6, 76.45×10−6, respectively. Among them, the average concentration values of Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn in the surface soils exceed the background values of soils in Guangdong Province, which indicates that these four heavy metal elements in the soil are relatively enriched (2) The single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index show that the soil is "clean" in the study area, with only a few points being polluted slightly, (3) In addition to geological background sources, heavy metals in surface soil also come from sources such as transportation, agriculture, and industry. (4) the health risk assessment of heavy metals shows that the non−carcinogenic health risks of children and adults could be ignored, but there are tolerable carcinogenic risks for both children and adults. The major carcinogenic factor is As. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the SL(Skin adhesion coefficient)isthe primary factor affecting non−carcinogenic health risk, while the SL and As are the primary factors affecting carcinogenic health risk in adults and children, respectively. The main exposure routes of carcinogenicity are skin exposure and hand−oral exposure.
      Conclusions : The pollution of soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou is relatively low, and the ecological risk is low on the whole; however, Hg and Cd should be given sufficient attention. As is the main carcinogenic factor affecting human health, and pollution prevention and control of As should be strengthened.

       

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