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    常德东北部地下水重金属污染源解析及健康风险评价

    Source analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater in the northeast of Changde City

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      研究目的 地下水重金属污染是全球确保安全供水所面临的一大挑战，开展重金属污染源解析及其健康风险评估将为地下水重金属污染的精准防控和人群健康管理提供科学依据。
      研究方法 本研究选取洞庭湖平原重要节点常德东北部作为研究区，采集了121组地下水样品，分别采用PMF模型和健康风险评估模型，解析了地下水中重金属来源，评估了其潜在健康风险。
      研究结果 （1）常德东北部地下水中重金属元素浓度均值排序为：Fe>Zn>As>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd，其中Fe和As元素不同程度地超过了地下水质量标准Ⅲ类水标准限值，超标率分别为36.37%和14.05%，二者空间分布差异显著；（2）PMF模型解析出自然源、垃圾焚烧、农业活动和交通排放4个重金属主要来源，贡献率分别为85.46%、8.26%、4.36%和1.92%；（3）健康风险评估结果显示，As是引发非致癌和致癌风险的主要元素，成人和儿童非致癌风险指数（HI）分别为0.90和1.14，非致癌风险超过控制值的比例分别为36.35%和42.55%；成人和儿童致癌风险指数（TCR）分别为1.97×10−4和8.27×10−5，致癌风险超过控制值的比例分别为52.9%和34.15%。
      结论 考虑饮水安全，应更多地关注地下水中As暴露的影响，重点关注浅层地下水保护，推行农业面源污染管控、规范农药使用，在浅井集中区域加强水质监测或逐步推动水源替代等方式，实现更具针对性的风险防控。

       

      Abstract:
      This paper is the result of environmental geological survey engineering.
      Objective Heavy metal pollution of groundwater is a major challenge for ensuring safe water supply in the world. The source analysis and health risk assessment will provide scientific basis for the targeted control of heavy metal pollution in groundwater and health management of populations.
      Methods In this study, 121 groundwater samples were collected in the northeast of Changde city. The PMF model and health risk assessment model were applied to analyze and evaluate the pollution sources and health risks of heavy metals in the groundwater.
      Results (1) The mean concentration of heavy metals in groundwater followed the order of Fe>Zn>As>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd. Among them, Fe and As exceeded the limits of groundwater quality standard Ⅲ water to varying degrees, and the exceeding rates were 36.37% and 14.05%, respectively, and the spatial distribution of the two elements was significantly different. (2) The PMF model identified four major sources of heavy metals: natural sources, waste incineration, agricultural activities and traffic emissions, with contribution rates of 85.46%, 8.26%, 4.36% and 1.92%, respectively. (3) The results of health risk assessment showed that As was the main element that contributing to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) of adults and children were 0.90 and 1.14, respectively, and the proportion of non-carcinogenic risk exceeding the control value in adults and children were 36.35% and 42.55%, respectively. The carcinogenic risk index (TCR) of adults and children was 1.97×10−4 and 8.27×10−5, respectively, and the proportion of carcinogenic risk exceeding the control value in adults and children was 52.9% and 34.15%, respectively.
      Conclusions For drinking water safety, more attention should be paid to the impact of As exposure in groundwater. It is essential to focus on the protection of shallow groundwater by promoting the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, regulating pesticide use, and strengthening water quality monitoring in areas with concentrated shallow wells or gradually advancing alternative water source solutions, so as to achieve more targeted risk prevention and control.

       

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