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    黑龙江乌拉嘎大型金矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因研究

    Fluid inclusion study on Wulaga gold deposit in Heilongjiang Province and implications for ore genesis

    • 摘要: 提要:乌拉嘎金矿床是受断裂构造和中酸性侵入体联合控制的浅成低温热液型矿床,区内黑龙江群变质岩为成矿提供物源,燕山期花岗斑岩是主要的容矿围岩,深部岩浆源为成矿提供了热动力。矿体受构造引张部位和构造交汇部位控制,在空间上侧伏斜列。矿石矿物主要有自然金、黄铁矿、白铁矿、辉锑矿、自然银等,脉石矿物有玉髓状石英、胶状蛋白石、碳酸盐、冰长石、绢云母、高岭土等;矿石结构主要为胶状结构、细粒状结构和碎裂结构,矿石构造为脉状、网脉状和角砾状构造,矿石的矿物组合和组构均显示典型的低温矿物组合和组构特点。流体包裹体研究表明,石英中主要发育气液两相及少量单液相包裹体,成矿流体属H2O-NaCl体系类型。成矿流体具有低盐度(1.22%~5.4% NaCl)、低密度(0.88~0.96 g/cm3)的特征,成矿温度为140~220℃,成矿平均压力为23.24 MPa,形成深度为2.32 km。通过氢、氧同位素分析认为,成矿流体δDSMOW值为-78.25‰~-132.64‰,δ18OH2O值为-3.7‰~6.23‰,表明成矿流体主要来自大气降水。综合研究表明,乌拉嘎金矿属于由中性、近还原和低温流体形成的低硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床。

       

      Abstract: Abstract:Wulaga gold deposit is controlled by both fracture zone and intermediate-acidic porphyry. In the mining district, Heilongjiang Group metamorphic rocks are considered as the main source bed. The Yanshanian plagioclase-granitic porphyry is the wall rock and provided the heat source for the gold mineralization process. The locations of the ore bodies are the places of fault intersection or the fault extensional sections due to attitude change. And the ore bodies are distributed in raking and stepwise pattern. The ore minerals are mainly composed of native gold, pyrite, marcasite, stibnite and native silver while the gangue minerals are mainly chalcedony quartz, colloid opal, carbonate, adularia, sericite and kaolinite. Gold ores are of colloidal, fine grain and cataclastic textures and veinlike, stockwork and brecciated structures. Thus, the gold ores show typical low temperature characteristics in texture, structure and mineral assemblages. Based on microscopic study, it is found that aqueous two-phase and small amount of pure aqueous-phase fluid inclusions dominate in quartz. It is suggested that the ore-forming fluid belongs to H2O-NaCl system and the fluid is characterized by low salinity (from 1.22% to 5.4% NaCl.eqv) and low density (from 0.88 to 0.96 g/ cm3). The forming temperature ranges from 140℃ to 220℃. The average value of pressure is 23.24 MPa and the mineralizing depth is about 2.32 km. With respects to stable isotopic features of the fluid inclusions, the values of δDSMOW are between -78.25‰ and -132.64‰ while those of δ18OH2O are from -3.7‰ to 6.23‰. It is concluded that the ore forming fluids are mainly meteoric water. Finally, it is suggested that the deposit belongs to a low sulfadation epithermal gold deposit that was formed from neutral, reduced and low temperature hydrothermal system.

       

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