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    黔北务—正—道地区典型铝土矿床伴生有益元素锂、镓和钪分布规律

    The distribution of associated elements Li, Sc and Ga in the typical bauxite deposits over the Wuchuan?Zheng’an?Daozhen bauxite ore district, northern Guizhou Province

    • 摘要: 提要: Li、Ga和Sc是重要的“三稀”矿产资源, 在铝土矿中广泛分布。贵州北部务—正—道铝土矿矿集区现已探明10个大型矿床, 其中伴生的Li、Ga和Sc金属资源量巨大。文章以务川瓦厂坪、道真新民和正安新木—晏溪3个大型铝土矿床为研究对象, 通过对含矿岩系及其上覆和下伏岩石中Li、Ga和Sc分布规律的系统研究, 发现含矿岩系垂向上, Li、Ga和Sc含量表现为矿层中部最高, 下部次之, 上部最低; 矿石类型上, Li在鲕状、致密块状矿石中的含量高于碎屑状矿石, 土状矿石中Li的含量最低, Ga在土状和鲕状、致密块状矿石中更富集, 而Sc则在碎屑状矿石中相对富集; 区域上Li、Ga和Sc含量总体呈北高南低的态势, 暗示这些有益伴生元素的空间分布可能与源岩岩性、风化作用和沉积分异等有关。由于Li、Ga和Sc与Al、Ti等元素常呈类质同象置换或以离子吸附态形式赋存于金红石、锆石、磷钇矿等矿物的表面, 重视这些重矿物的选矿, 对综合利用Li、Ga和Sc等伴生有益元素具有重要意义。此外, 通过Li、Sc和Ga分布特征和富集规律的研究, 进一步佐证了务—正—道地区铝土矿形成于陆相河湖盆地环境。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Li, Ga and Sc are important rare noble metal resources, which are widely distributed in the bauxite. More than ten large-sized bauxite deposits have been found in the Wuchuan?Zheng’an?Daozhen bauxite ore district in northern Guizhou Province, and the associated Li, Ga and Sc resources are very abundant. The authors chose the typical Wachangping, Xinmin and Xinmu?Yanxi bauxite deposits in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area as the study case, investigated the distribution regularity of Li, Ga and Sc by analyzing their content in ore-bearing rocks and their overlying and underlying rocks. The results show that the values of Li, Ga and Sc decrease from the central ore-bearing rock series to the bottom and then to the upper part vertically. In addition, the values of Li in massive ores are higher than those in clastic ores, and they are all higher than values in earthy ores; Ga is concentrated in earthy and massive ores, whereas Sc is concentrated in clastic ores. Additionally, the regional distribution of Ga, Li and Sc is higher in the north and lower in the south, suggesting their relationship with lithology, weathering and sedimentary differentiation. Ga, Li and Sc mainly exist on the surface of rutile, zircon and xenotime. Hence these heavy minerals are very important for comprehensive utilization of Li, Ga and Sc. The distribution regularities of Li, Sc and Ga suggest that the bauxite was formed in a continental lacustrine basin environment.

       

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