Characteristics of sulfur and lead isotopes and tracing of mineral sources in the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit at the southern edge of Geza arc belt, Yunnan
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摘要: 铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床位于格咱岛弧成矿带南缘,是西南三江地区近年来新发现的大型斑岩型铜钼多金属矿床。本文通过硫、铅同位素的示踪研究,探讨了成矿物质的来源。测试结果表明,矿石中硫化物的δ34S值变化于-0.7‰~+3.8‰,平均为0.79‰,变化范围很小,表明硫同位素来源单一,显示岩浆源硫同位素组成的特征。矿石矿物的铅同位素组成, 206Pb/204Pb为18.3325~18.694, 207Pb/204Pb为15.588~15.663, 208Pb/204Pb为38.454~39.008,铅同位素组成较为稳定,显示正常铅的特征。铅同位素组成与特征参数(△β与△γ、V1与V2)之间具有明显的正相关性,依据铅构造模式判别和成因分类的综合分析,铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床的铅主要来源于深部,并显示壳幔混合来源的特征。矿床的成矿作用与燕山期岩浆侵入岩活动存在较密切的关系,但地层源的成矿物质对矿床的形成有一定的物质贡献。Abstract: Located on the southern margin of the Geza island arc, the Tongchanggou porphyry deposit is a large-sized Mo(Cu) polymetallic deposit discovered in recent years in southwest Sanjiang region. In this paper, the authors investigated the sources of minerals through sulfur and lead isotope tracer study. Testing results show that the δ34S values of ore sulfides vary in the range of -0.7‰-+3.8‰, 0.79‰ on average. The variation range is very small, which indicates a single source of the sulfur isotope and displays the characteristics of magmatic source sulfur isotopic composition. The lead isotopic composition of ore minerals is characterized by 206Pb/204Pb ranging from 18.3325 to 18.694, 207Pb/204Pb ranging from 15.588 to 15.663, and 208Pb/204Pb ranging from 38.454 to 39.008, exhibiting relatively stable Pb isotopic composition and showing the normal lead characteristics. There is a significant positive correlation between lead isotopic composition and characteristic parameters (△β and △γ, V1 and V2). Lead structural model identification and genetic classification comprehensive analysis suggest that the lead isotopes of the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit were mainly derived from the depth and show the crust-mantle mixed source characteristics. The mineralization had a close relationship with Yanshanian magmatic intrusion, with the minerals of the strata also making some contribution.
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图 1 铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床地质简图(据资料❶修编)
a—区域大地构造位置; b—铜厂沟岩浆岩分布图
1—第四系全新统; 2—第四系更新统; 3—北衙组三段灰岩; 4—北衙组二段白云质灰岩; 5—北衙组一段大理岩,夹薄层状矽卡岩;6—黑泥哨组玄武岩; 7—冈达概组玄武岩夹火山角砾岩; 8—花岗闪长斑岩; 9—辉绿玢岩; 10—断层及编号; 11—勘探线及编号;12—见矿钻孔及编号; 13—矿体及编号Figure 1. Simplified geological map of the Tongchanggou Mo(Cu) porphyry deposit (modified after reference❶)
a-Tectonic map of Disuga porphyries,b-Distribution of magmatic rocks in Disuga
1-Quaternary Holocene; 2-Quaternary Pleistocene; 3-Limestone of 3rd member of Beiya Formation; 4-Dolomitic limestone of 2nd member of BeiyaFormation; 5-Marble with thin skarn of 1st member of Beiya Formation; 6-Basalt of Heinishao Formation; 7-Basalt intercalated with volcanicbreccia; 8-Granodiorite porphyry; 9-Diabase; 10-Fault and its serial number; 11-Exploration line and its serial number; 12-Ore-intersecting drillhole and its serial number; 13−orebody and its serial number![]()
图 2 铜厂沟花岗闪长斑岩岩石及显微特征
a—花岗闪长斑岩,岩石具斑状结构、块状构造; b—花岗闪长斑岩中斜长石(Pl)斑晶具聚片双晶和环带构造,岩石由斜长石(Pl)、钾长石(Kf)、石英(Q)、黑云母等组成
Figure 2. Rocks and microscopic characteristics of granodiorite porphyry from Tongchanggou
a-Granodiorite porphyry,with porphyritic texture,massive structure; b-Plagioclase (Pl) phenocrysts with polysynthetic twins and a ring-shapedstructure in granodiorite porphyry,rocks composed of plagioclase (Pl),feldspar (Kf),quartz (Q),biotite and other minerals
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图 3 铜厂沟铜钼矿床0号勘探线剖面图(据资料❶修改)
Figure 3. Geological section along No. 0 line in the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit (modified after reference ❶)
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图 4 铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床矿石特征及显微照片
a—花岗闪长斑岩中的辉钼矿化石英脉; b—花岗闪长斑岩中呈浸染状分布的辉钼矿和黄铁矿细脉; c—花岗闪长斑岩中网脉状辉钼矿化;d—石英脉中呈束状集合体的辉钼矿; e—花岗闪长斑岩中辉钼矿、黄铜矿、黄铜矿共生组合,辉钼矿呈菊花状集合体,黄铜矿常与辉钼矿相互包裹; f—黄铁矿中发育的压碎结构; Mot—辉钼矿; Cop—黄铜矿; Py—黄铁矿; Q—石英
Figure 4. Ore characteristics and photomicrographs of the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit
a-Molybdenite mineralization in quartz veins from granodiorite porphyry; b-Molybdenite and pyrite of disseminated distribution in granodioriteporphyry; c-Stockwork molybdenite mineralization in granodiorite porphyry; d-Bundle aggregate molybdenite in quartz vein;e-Molybdenite daisy-like aggregates,chalcopyrite and molybdenite wrapped in each other; f -Crushing structure in pyriye;Mot-Molybdenite; Cop-Chalcopyrite; Py-Pyrite; Q-Quartz
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图 5 铜厂沟铜钼矿床硫同位素组成直方图
Figure 5. Sulfur composition histogram of the Tongchang gouporphyry Mo(Cu) deposit
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图 6 铜厂沟铜钼矿硫同位素组成分布图
Figure 6. Distribution of δ34S of ore sulfides from theTongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit
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图 7 铅同位素207Pb/204Pb— 206Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb— 206Pb/204Pb构造环境判别图解(据文献[22])
LC—下地壳; UC—上地壳; OIV—洋岛火山岩; OR—造山带; A、B、C、D分别为各区中样品的相对集中区
Figure 7. Pb isotope 207Pb/204Pb—206Pb /204Pb、208Pb/204Pb— 206Pb/204Pbtectonic environment discrimination diagram (after reference [22])
LC-Lower crust; UC-Upper crust; OIV-Ocean island volcanics; OR-Orogenic belt; A,B,C,D show the relative concentration areas
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图 8 铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼硫化物铅同位素矢量特征值V1-V2特征图解
A—华南; B—扬子; C—华北; D—北疆
Figure 8. Diagram of characteristic V1 and V2 values of leadisotopic composition of sulfides from the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit
A-South China; B-Yangtze; C-North China; D-Northern Xinjiang
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表 1 铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床硫化物硫同位素组成
Table 1 Sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides from the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit
样品编号 取样位置 矿石特征 测试矿物 δ34SV-CDT/% CCG-01 ZK4207,深度 200 m 花岗闪长斑岩的浸染状辉钼矿化 黄铁矿 -0.1 CCG-02 ZK0001，深度 230 m 花岗闪长斑岩的浸染状辉钼矿化 黄铁矿 -0.7 CCG-04 ZK0001，深度 300 m 花岗闪长斑岩的浸染状辉钼矿化 黄铁矿 0.6 CCG-08 ZK0001，深度 320 m 花岗闪长斑岩的脉状状辉钼矿化 黄铁矿 1.0 CCG-10 TZK3201，深度 380 m 花岗闪长斑岩的脉状状辉钼矿化 黄铁矿 0.2 LBB-03-2 ZK0804，深度240m 玄武岩的浸染状黄铁矿 黄铁矿 0.5 LBB-10-4 ZK3201，深度 245 m 花岗闪长斑岩的浸染状辉钼矿 辉钼矿 0.1 LBB-06 ZK3201，深度 272m 花岗闪长斑岩的浸染状矿化 黄铁矿 0.4 LBB-10-6 ZK3201，深度 215 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的细脉状辉钼矿 辉钼矿 0.7 LBB-10-16 ZK3201，深度 208 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的细脉状辉钼矿 辉钼矿 1.1 LBB-10-16 ZK3201，深度 208 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的细脉状辉钼矿 黄铁矿 1.4 LBB-10-17 ZK3201，深度 209 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的细脉状辉钼矿 黄铁矿 0.7 LBB-10-22 ZK3201，深度 198 m 钾长石化花岗闪长斑岩中的浸染状辉钼矿 黄铁矿 0.7 LBB-10-22 ZK3201，深度 198 m 钾长石化花岗闪长斑岩中的浸染状辉钼矿 辉钼矿 1.1 LBB-10-23 ZK3201，深度 180 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的脉状矿化 黄铁矿 1.4 LBB-10-28 ZK3802,深度 202 m 花岗闪长斑岩中富集黄铜矿化 黄铁矿 1.2 LBB-10-31 ZK3802,深度 221.5 m 石英脉中的辉钼矿化 辉钼矿 3.8 LBB-10-37 ZK1601，深度 288 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的细脉状辉钼矿 辉钼矿 0.1 LBB-10-40 ZK1601，深度 448 m 矽卡岩中黄铁矿化 黄铁矿 0.8 LBB-48 ZK4401，深度 718 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的细脉状辉钼矿化 黄铁矿 0.8 LBB-78-2 ZK4401，深度 977 m 花岗闪长斑岩中的网脉状辉钼矿化 黄铁矿 0.8 注:样品由核工业北京地质研究院分析测试中心测试。 
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表 2 铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床硫化物铅同位素组成
Table 2 Lead isotopic composition of ores in the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit
样品号 测试矿物 206pb/204pb 2σ 207pb/204pb 2σ 208pb/204pb 2σ LBB-03-2 黄铁矿 18.494 0.002 15.634 0.002 38.876 0.004 LBB-10-4 辉钼矿 18.332 0.002 15.594 0.002 38.619 0.005 LBB-06 黄铜矿 18.463 0.002 15.588 0.002 38.454 0.004 LBB-10-6 辉钼矿 18.515 0.003 15.599 0.002 38.864 0.003 LBB-10-16 辉钼矿 18.694 0.001 15.624 0.001 39.076 0.003 LBB-10-22 黄铁矿 18.665 0.002 15.619 0.001 39.047 0.004 LBB-10-22 辉钼矿 18.576 0.002 15.625 0.001 39.008 0.003 LBB-10-31 辉钼矿 18.554 0.002 15.663 0.002 39.088 0.007 LBB-10-37 辉钼矿 18.550 0.002 15.609 0.002 38.862 0.005 LBB-48 黄铁矿 18.620 0.001 15.630 0.001 39.023 0.001 注:样品由核工业北京地质研究院分析测试中心测试。
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表 3 铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿硫化物铅同位素参数
Table 3 Lead isotope parameters of sulfides in the Tongchanggou porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit
样号 样品名称 206pb/207pb t/Ma μ ω Th/U V1 V2 Δα Δβ Δγ LBB-03-2 黄铁矿 1.1829 148.5 9.52 38.16 3.88 73.37 53.57 76.91 20.18 43.98 LBB-10-4 辉钼矿 1.1756 216.5 9.46 37.64 3.85 68.03 50.89 72.76 17.87 40.07 LBB-06 黄铜矿 1.1844 113.2 9.43 36.19 3.71 59.82 53.98 72.38 17.03 31.11 LBB-10-6 辉钼矿 1.1869 88.9 9.45 37.66 3.86 69.25 51.07 73.54 17.65 41.04 LBB-10-16 辉钼矿 1.1965 -10.9 9.48 37.76 3.85 72.46 53.81 77.15 18.93 42.84 LBB-10-22 黄铁矿 1.195 4 9.48 37.75 3.85 71.31 52.8 75.78 18.62 42.24 LBB-10-22 辉钼矿 1.1889 77.3 9.5 38.15 3.89 73.42 52.48 76.19 19.3 44.39 LBB-10-31 辉钼矿 1.1846 141.2 9.57 38.96 3.94 79.48 54.45 79.83 22.04 49.35 LBB-10-37 辉钼矿 1.1884 76 9.47 37.55 3.84 69.16 52.41 74.58 18.25 40.43 LBB-48 黄铁矿 1.1913 51.4 9.5 38.01 3.87 73.02 53.35 76.76 19.52 43.66 注: 样品由核工业北京地质研究院分析测试中心测试,铅同位素特征参数计算由Geokit软件计算完成。
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