雅砻江流域深切河谷区滑坡类型、成因及分布规律——以子拖西―麻郎错河段为例
作者:
作者单位:

1.中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心;2.山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院;3.华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院

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基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221811,DD20211379),第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0904)。


Type, formation mechanism and distribution regularity of landslides in the deeply-incised valley area of Yalong River basin——a case study of Zituoxi-Malangcuo river section
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey;2.College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology;3.College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power

Fund Project:

China Geological Survey Projects (No. DD20190647, No. DD20160272),The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expediton and Research (No.2019QZKK0904)

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    摘要:

    提要:【研究目的】雅砻江流域是我国西部重要的林牧业基地、水电能源基地和少数民族聚居区,开展流域内的滑坡成因和分布规律研究,对于制定科学的防灾减灾策略、保障经济社会稳定发展具有重要意义。【研究方法】以雅砻江中游深切河谷区子拖西―麻郎错河段为研究区,通过高分辨率卫星遥感解译、InSAR分析、结合现场调查获取滑坡基础数据;采用工程地质分析方法总结分析典型的滑坡类型及其成因机制;利用GIS空间分析和统计方法,揭示滑坡的分布规律及发育的优势范围。【研究结果】结果显示:(1)研究区内共查明滑坡606处,其中面积104~105 m2的滑坡数量最多,约占总数的60%;面积103~104 m2和面积105~106 m2的滑坡数量相当,约各占总数的20%;(2)根据主控诱发因素将滑坡划分为降雨诱发型、构造控制型、开挖诱发型、河流侵蚀型和蓄水诱发型5种主要类型;降雨和蓄水对岩土体强度的弱化效应、断裂构造对岩体结构及其力学性质的劣化效应、开挖和河流侵蚀对斜坡前缘抗滑支撑作用的解除效应等是导致滑坡形成的关键机理;(3)海拔高程2500~3500 m、坡度15°~35°、坡向NE―E和S―W是滑坡发育的优势地形范围;(4)由薄层状板岩、粉砂质板岩构成的软变质岩组是滑坡发育的优势岩组,花岗岩、石英闪长岩等坚硬侵入岩构成的岩浆岩组中滑坡最不发育;(5)康都断层、千杯尼玛断层、祝桑断层、唐岗断层、霍泽扎日断层和涅达断层这6条断层对滑坡的影响不显著,研究区下游麻子石断层、程章断层、然公断层、鸡打-米龙-木灰断层两侧及其交汇部位滑坡发育最为密集;(6)滑坡发育分布与河流水系距离之间呈明显的负相关性,距河流水系0~0.5 km是滑坡发育的优势距离,宏观上滑坡沿着河谷成带状集中分布。【结论】研究成果可以为认识雅砻江深切河谷区滑坡的成因和规律,防控流域链式灾害风险提供重要的科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: This paper is the result of geological hazards survey engineering. [Objective]The Yalong River basin is an important base of forestry and animal husbandry, hydropower and energy, and minority communities in the west of China. It is of great significance to study the causes and distribution of landslides in the Yalong River basin for formulating scientific disaster prevention and mitigation strategies and ensuring the stable development of economy and society. [Methods]The Zituoxi–Malangcuo river section in deeply-incised valley area of Yalong River basin was taken as the study area in this paper. The basic landslide data were obtained through high-resolution satellite remote sensing interpretation, InSAR analysis and field investigation; typical types of landslides and their formation mechanism were summarized and analyzed by engineering geology analysis method; the distribution regularity and dominant development range of landslides were revealed by means of GIS spatial analysis and statistical method. [Results]The results showed that: (1) A total of 606 landslides were identified in the study area, among which the landslide with an area of 104 ~ 105 square meters was the most, accounting for about 60 percent of the total, and the number of landslides with areas of 103 ~ 104 and 105 ~ 106 square meters were essentially equal, accounting for about 20 percent of the total respectively; (2) Landslides were divided into five main types, i.e. rainfall-induced type, structure-controlled type, excavation-induced type, river erosion type and water impoundment-induced type, according to the main controlling factors of landslides. The key mechanism responsible for the occurrence of landslides mainly including the weakening effect of rock and soil strength by rainfall and impounded water, the deterioration effect of rock structures and its mechanical properties by fault structures, and the release effect of the anti-sliding and supporting action at the front of slope caused by excavation and river erosion; (3) The dominant terrain ranges for landslide development were of elevation 2500 ~ 3500 m, slope angle 15° ~ 35°, and slope aspect NE ~ E and S ~ W; (4) The soft metamorphic rock group composed of thin-bedded slate and silty slate was the dominant lithological group for development of landslides, while landslides in the magmatic rock group consisted of hard intrusive rocks such as granite and quartz diorite was the least; (5) the Kangdu fault, Qianbeinima fault, Zhusang fault, Tanggang fault, Huozezhari fault and Nieda fault were found having less impact on the development of landslides, however, landslides developed densely at both sides of the Mazishi fault, Chengzhang fault, Rangong fault and Jida-Milong-Muhui fault and at zones where these faults intersected in the downstream of the study area; (6) A negative correlation between the distribution of landslides and the distance to the river systems can be obviously seen, and a distance to the river systems of 0 ~ 0.5 km was found to be the dominant distance range of landslide development. The landslides were concentrated along the river valleys like belts macroscopically. [Conclusions]The research results could provide a significant scientific basis for understanding the causes and regularities of landslides in the deep-incised valley of Yalong River as well as for preventing and controlling the risk of chain of geohazard in the river basin.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-29
  • 最后修改日期:2022-07-20
  • 录用日期:2022-08-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-16
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