青藏高原北部可可西里不冻泉水质特征、成因模式及开发利用建议
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1.中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所;2.吉林大学地下水资源与环境教育部重点实验室;3.河北省航空探测与遥感技术重点实验室

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Water quality, genetic model, and potential development and use of the Hoh Xil Budongquan spring on the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
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1.Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,CAGS;2.Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Jilin University;3.Key Laboratory of Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Technology,Hebei

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    摘要:

    提要:【研究目的】不冻泉位于青藏高原北部可可西里多年冻土区,是典型的构造融区上升泉,不冻泉水质状况及形成机理对青藏铁路沿线供水保障及当地小城镇建设至关重要。【研究方法】本文利用单指标评价法筛选出泉水中主要超标组分,基于地质条件分析、环境同位素和水化学方法研究了不冻泉蓄水构造、循环特征和主要化学组分来源。【研究结果】年内不同时期不冻泉水质综合评价结果均为V类水,V类指标为总硬度、SO42?、Cl?,毒理学指标和重金属指标均为I-II类标准,冰川融水和河水均为I-II类水。不冻泉补给水源主要为昆仑山南坡冰川融水、大气降水和地表河水,平均循环时间小于5-10年。地下水径流通道为NE向张性活动断裂形成的构造融区,补给水源沿此通道径流,遇NWW向压性活动断裂时受阻,并上涌至地表形成不冻泉。泉水中化学组分主要来源于蒸发盐岩、镁盐和碳酸盐岩的溶滤作用。【研究结论】从饮水健康角度,建议可按照泉水和河水1:2的配比供水。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: This paper is the result of hydrogeologic survey engineering. [Objective]Budongquan spring is in the region of Hoh Xil on the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. It is a typical sub-surface spring with discharge that ascends to the surface through taliks in the permafrost. It is an important water supply for the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the construction of small towns along the railway. Therefore, it is very important to understand its formation and water characteristics. [Methods] In this paper, we evaluated spring water quality using the single index evaluation method. We analyzed water storage, circulation, and sources of main chemical components by examining the local geology, environmental isotopes, and hydrochemistry. [Results] Results show that Budongquan spring water quality is in class V throughout the year. It is in class V in terms of total hardness, SO42?, and Cl?, and in class I–II in terms of toxicological and heavy metal indices. Nearby glacier meltwater and river water are in class I–II. The spring is mainly recharged by glacial meltwater from the southern slope of Kunlun Mountains, atmospheric precipitation, and surface river water. Average cycle length is less than 5–10 years. Groundwater flow follows the talik zone along the northeast-trending active normal faults. Budongquan spring is formed by the surfacing of groundwater that is blocked by the west-northwest-trending active reverse faults. Its chemical composition is mainly determined by evaporation, and presence of and interaction with magnesium salts and carbonate rocks. [Conclusions] To meet standards for drinking water, we recommend mixing spring water with river water at a ratio of 1:2.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-26
  • 最后修改日期:2022-07-11
  • 录用日期:2022-08-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-15
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