我国地热水中锂元素分布特征及资源开发利用
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1.中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所;2.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院

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中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号DD20221676); 中国地质调查局中国矿产地质志项目(编号:DD20190379); 国家重点研发计划项目(编号2021YFC2901905); 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所基本科研业务费(编号sk202212)项目


Distribution characteristics and resource exploitation of lithium in geothermal water in China
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Affiliation:

1.Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;2.School of Resources and Environments, Guizhou University

Fund Project:

China Geological Survey Project (DD20221676), China Mineral Geology, China Geological Survey Project (DD 20190379), National Key R&D Program Projects (2021YFC2901905), basic research fees of the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (sk202212)

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    摘要:

    【研究目的】近年来,锂在新兴技术和低碳技术产业需求增长迅速,已成为全球主要经济体的关键矿产。尤其在“双碳”目标下,我国对锂资源的需求也日益迫切,当前锂的安全供应已严重制约了我国新能源产业发展。我国锂资源开发对象以卤水型和伟晶岩型为主,但地热卤水型也具有一定资源潜力,因此需要研究我国地热水锂元素分布特征。【研究方法】文章基于前人对全国范围地热水调查和研究的成果,介绍和讨论我国地热水中锂含量分布特征、影响因素、地热水提锂技术及地热勘查技术。【研究结果】分析了30个省市主要热储中地热水锂含量,实际计算出1989处地热水锂金属年排放量为789t,估算我国地热水锂金属年排放量3233t,显示地热水中锂资源具有一定的潜力。【研究结论】影响地热水锂含量的主要因素为围岩及热储岩石性质、温度、水岩相互作用等,也发现锂同位素在示踪陆区地热系统来源、水岩相互作用及物质来源方面具有良好潜力。我国富锂地热水富集机制主要分为喜马拉雅地热带型和四川盆地型,前者与于上地壳重熔型岩浆上涌有关,后者与地层中膏盐的溶滤有关。此外,提出未来我国富锂地热水找矿方向集中在青藏高原、四川盆地、江汉盆地等及油(气)田水。“热锂兼探”、“热锂兼采”,实现资源利用最大化,多元地热勘查技术也将助力地热产业发展。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】In recent years, lithium has become a key mineral in the world"s major economies, as demand has grown rapidly in the emerging and low-carbon technology industries. Especially under the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals, the demand for lithium resources is also becoming more urgent in China, but the security of lithium supply seriously restricts the development of new energy industry. At present, our lithium resources are mainly developed by the brine type and pegmatite type, but the geothermal brine type also has a certain resource potential. Therefore, it is necessary to study the distribution characteristics of lithium element in geothermal water. 【Methods】Based on the results of investigation and study of geothermal water in China by predecessors, this paper introduces and discusses the distribution characteristics of lithium content in geothermal water, influencing factors, lithium extraction technology of geothermal water and geothermal exploration technology.【Results】It analyzed the lithium content of geothermal water in the main heat storage of 30 provinces and cities, and actually calculated that the annual discharge of lithium metal in the 1989 geothermal water was 789t, and estimated that the annual discharge of lithium metal in the geothermal water was 3233t, indicating that the geothermal water lithium resources have certain potential. 【Conclusions】It is found that the main factors influencing the lithium content of geothermal water are the characteristics of surrounding rocks and thermal reservoir rocks, temperature, water-rock interaction, etc. It is also found that lithium isotopes have good potential in tracing the sources of geothermal systems, water-rock interactions, and material sources in continental areas. Lithium-rich geothermal water enrichment mechanism in China is mainly divided into the Himalayan geothermal belt type and Sichuan basin type, the former is related to the type in the crust remelting magma upwelling, while the latter is related to the dissolution and filtration of gypsum and halite in the strata. In addition, it is pointed out that the future prospecting direction of lithium-rich geothermal water in China will be concentrated in the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Jianghan Basin and oil (gas) field water. “Simultaneous exploration of geothermal water and lithium” and “simultaneous mining of geothermal water and lithium” to maximize the utilization of resources, and multiple geothermal exploration technologies will also contribute to the development of geothermal industry.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-14
  • 最后修改日期:2023-04-20
  • 录用日期:2023-04-30
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