Abstract：To provide scientific reference for shallow groundwater exploitation, this paper analyzed the effect of sedimentary environment on the distribution of shallow groundwater quality from the angle of geological history and the effect of human activity on groundwater quality evolution and on the basis of sufficient utilization of historical water quality data. The result shows that the sedimentary environment controls the spatial distribution of groundwater quality and the human activity has exerted two kinds of effects on water quality evolution, i.e., contamination and freshening by groundwater exploitation.