Abstract：Fluorosis occurs rather widely in Huaihe River basin, and in some local areas, the incidence of fluorosis disease is serous, which is gravely harmful to people’s health and the development of local economy. In the past decades, some scientists and research institutes have done some work for the fluorosis, and for many years China Geological Survey has implemented some projects on environmental geological research including the study of fluorosis in Huaihe River basin. Based on the previous work, this paper expounds the distribution of endemic fluorosis in Huaihe River basin and the fluoride content in groundwater of different depths, and points out four factors responsible for fluoride concentration and two factors causing fluorosis disease. Some water supply measures for prevention and cure of fluorosis disease are also discussed in this paper.