Metallogenic characteristics and metallogenic zoning of graphite deposits in China

Graphite is widely used in such fields as metallurgy, machinery, aviation, aerospace, electronic information, and new energy vehicles, and has become an important raw material in the high technology. In recent years, Chahanmuhulu deposit in Inner Mongolia, Nanjiang deposit in Sichuan and and some other large-sized metamorphic graphite ore deposits have been found, especially the discovery of the Huangyangshan magmatic type crystalline graphite deposit in Xinjing has indicated a new direction for the study of the metallogenic regularity of graphite deposits. Based on the extensive collection and study of the past graphite achievements, combined with field research and latest graphite exploration results, the authors systematically summed up temporal and spatial distribution regularity and metallogenic factors of graphite deposits, and divided the metallogenic zone of graphite deposits. In China, the graphite ore deposits are dominated by regional metamorphic type, and the main metallogenic period is Precambrian; the deposits formed in this period have large graphite scale, high crystallinity and great economic significance. The host rock of magmatic rock type graphite deposit is Hercynian alkaline granite, whose metallogenic age is the same as the age of magma invasion; the contact metamorphic graphite ore deposits are mainly concentrated in the Permian Jurassic period, and their mineralization was closely related to the intermediate acid magmatism of the Hercynian period. The large fold structure and the transitional end of the large fold structure in the stable uplift area are favorable structural units for the formation of graphite. The authors preliminarily divided the country into 21 graphite metallogenic zone, and pointed out that Jiamusi-Xingkai (massif) graphite metallogenic belt, middle northern margin of North China block graphite metallogenic belt, Jiabei uplift metallogenic belt, Junggar massif metallogenic belt, southern margin of the North China continental block, Qinling and some other graphite metallogenic belts are especially important. The summary of the metallogenic regularity of the graphite deposits and the preliminary division of metallogenic belts are of significance for guiding the prospecting and exploration of graphite deposits.