Characteristics and evolution of the mantle plume in eastern North China

Abstract：Since the Yanshanian movement, enormous tectonic transformation has taken place in eastern North China. The tectonic pattern transformed from the conjunction-enlargement between North China platform and Yangtze platform in the end of Indosinian movement to the evolution of mantle plume and regional extensional faulting. In the process of North China mantle plume uplifting, the plume was blocked by the bottom of the lithosphere and mushroomed outwards. With the thinning and faulting of the lithosphere, detached plastic mantle rocks were cut by the ductile shearing zone in the surrounding areas of the basin, which resulted in anatectic magmatism. The anatectic magmatism drove the uplifting of country rocks and formed a series of secondary uplifts (mantle branches). Then the landform in eastern North China transformed from high plateau into a coupling pattern of one basin with multiple mountains——a spatial pattern of heat thinning fault basin on the top of the mantle plume with a series of surrounding mantle branches. The faulting basin in eastern North China is coupled westward with Taihang orogenic belt, northward with Yanshan orogenic belt, eastward with Korean peninsula, and southward with Dabieshan orogenic belt (central fault basin with surrounding mantle branches).