Metallogenic characteristics of superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits abroad

Abstract：Copper consumption and use may reflect the level of industrialization of a country. In this paper, the authors regard types and characteristics of superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits abroad as the main study objects. The typical superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits abroad are studied in this paper, and five types of Cu deposits, i.e., magmatic segregation type, porphyry type, skarn type, stratiform (stratabound) type and VMS type are described in detail. The major superlarge and exceptional superlarge copper deposits include Chu Kika Mata exceptional superlarge Cu deposit and Escondida superlarge Cu deposit in Chile, Glasgow Vogelsberg superlarge Cu-Au deposit in Indonesia, Zambia Cu belt and Cu-U mines in the Sino-African giant metallogenic belt, Sabah copper belt in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) along the Sino-African giant metallogenic belt, Aynak large Cu deposit in Afghanistan and Lubin large Cu deposit in Poland. In general, the superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits are characterized by unity, speciality, preferentiality and abnormality.