Deep structure of Shanxi massif and kimberlite formation： A discussion on the deep process of the stable massif in relation to diamond deposits

Abstract：The upwelling asthenosphere in deep stable craton led to the rupturing of the lithosphere and the formation of deep-seated fault series. Alkaline series magma was formed by partial melting of the upper mantle. In the process of its upward migration along the rift and emplacement, the magma evolved into kimberlite formation. Diamonds were accumulated at the terminal end of the kimberlite formation, i.e., brecciated alkaline ultra-basic rocks. With the explosive emplacement in the upper crust, diamonds were preserved as useful resources. The widespread stable massif in China underwent multiple deep magmatic process in Phanerozoic. Up till now, many diamond deposits have been discovered, with great exploration potentiality remaining existent.